# Civil war

- Id: `civil_war`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/concepts/civil-war/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `substantive_editorial_draft`
- Content checksum: `3ff3d82d8aaa2b4699693a2d1067af74a0571a4c0214597ea5e96642da99f051`

## Summary

Civil war pits members of one political community against one another and turns disputes over authority, territory, and rights into organized violence.

## Overview

In the current corpus, this annotation connects 20,384 passages across 74 works, including Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents, Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents, Nicomachean Ethics. These links provide inspectable points of comparison; they do not assume that every author uses the concept in the same sense.

## Definition evidence passages

```json
[
    "passage:montaigne.essais:3.6",
    "passage:jesus.ezra:4",
    "passage:elizabeth_carter.montagu_letters:223"
]
```

## Aliases

```json
[
    "civil war",
    "rebellion",
    "insurrection",
    "confederate"
]
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 74,
    "passages": 20384,
    "thinkers": 24,
    "traditions": 12
}
```

## Related traditions

```json
[
    {
        "id": "political-thought",
        "name": "Political thought and democracy",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/political-thought-and-democracy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "name": "Greek and Roman traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/greek-and-roman-traditions/"
    },
    {
        "id": "chinese-thought",
        "name": "Early Chinese thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/early-chinese-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "science",
        "name": "Science and scientific thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/science-and-scientific-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "name": "Stoicism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/stoicism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "judaism",
        "name": "Judaism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/judaism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "modern-philosophy",
        "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/modern-and-contemporary-philosophy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "psychology",
        "name": "Psychology and psychoanalysis",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/psychology-and-psychoanalysis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "skepticism",
        "name": "Skepticism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/skepticism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "islam",
        "name": "Islam",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/islam/"
    },
    {
        "id": "platonism",
        "name": "Socratic and Platonic thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/socratic-and-platonic-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "christianity",
        "name": "Christianity",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/christianity/"
    }
]
```

## Related works

```json
[
    {
        "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_authored",
        "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents",
        "author": "Abraham Lincoln",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln/lincoln-authored-papers/"
    },
    {
        "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_context",
        "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents",
        "author": "Correspondents and archival record",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln-archive-correspondents/incoming-mail-and-context/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.nicomachean_ethics",
        "title": "Nicomachean Ethics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/nicomachean-ethics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.politics",
        "title": "Politics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/politics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.academica",
        "title": "Academica",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/academica/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.brutus",
        "title": "Brutus, or On Eminent Orators",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/brutus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.catilinarians",
        "title": "Catilinarian Orations",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/catilinarians/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.letters_to_atticus",
        "title": "Letters to Atticus",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-atticus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.letters_to_friends",
        "title": "Letters to Friends",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-friends/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_divinatione",
        "title": "On Divination",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-divinatione/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_officiis",
        "title": "On Duties",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-officiis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.philippics",
        "title": "Philippics",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/philippics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.tusculan_disputations",
        "title": "Tusculan Disputations",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/tusculan-disputations/"
    },
    {
        "id": "confucius.analects",
        "title": "The Analects of Confucius (Lúnyǔ)",
        "author": "Confucius",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/confucius/analects/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.why_war_letter",
        "title": "Why War? Einstein’s Letter to Freud",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/why-war-letter/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.answers_to_objections",
        "title": "Answers to Objections Concerning the Christian Religion, by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/answers-to-objections/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.epictetus_introduction",
        "title": "Introduction to the Works of Epictetus, by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/epictetus-introduction/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.talbot_letters",
        "title": "Letters from Elizabeth Carter to Catherine Talbot",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/talbot-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.montagu_letters",
        "title": "Letters from Elizabeth Carter to Elizabeth Montagu",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/montagu-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.vesey_letters",
        "title": "Letters from Elizabeth Carter to Elizabeth Vesey",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/vesey-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.bible_notes",
        "title": "Elizabeth Carter’s Notes on the Bible",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/bible-notes/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.poems",
        "title": "Poems on Several Occasions, by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/poems/"
    },
    {
        "id": "hillel.rabbinic_testimonia",
        "title": "Hillel in Early Rabbinic Carriers",
        "author": "Hillel the Elder",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/hillel/rabbinic-testimonia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "locke.second_treatise",
        "title": "Second Treatise of Government",
        "author": "John Locke",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/second-treatise/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.collected_papers_analytical_psychology",
        "title": "Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/collected-papers-analytical-psychology/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.psychology_of_the_unconscious",
        "title": "Psychology of the Unconscious: Transformations and Symbols of the Libido",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/psychology-of-the-unconscious/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.theory_of_psychoanalysis",
        "title": "The Theory of Psychoanalysis",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/theory-of-psychoanalysis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "montaigne.essais",
        "title": "The Essays",
        "author": "Michel de Montaigne",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/montaigne/essais/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.deuteronomy",
        "title": "Deuteronomy",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/deuteronomy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.numbers",
        "title": "Numbers",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/numbers/"
    },
    {
        "id": "muhammad.quran",
        "title": "The Qur’an",
        "author": "Muhammad",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/muhammad/quran/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.laws",
        "title": "Laws",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laws/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.menexenus",
        "title": "Menexenus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/menexenus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.republic",
        "title": "Republic",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/republic/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.caesar",
        "title": "Caesar",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/caesar/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.cato_younger",
        "title": "Cato the Younger",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/cato-younger/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.common_conceptions_against_stoics",
        "title": "On Common Conceptions against the Stoics",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/common-conceptions-against-stoics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.tranquillity_of_mind",
        "title": "On Tranquillity of Mind, Plutarch",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/tranquillity-of-mind/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.consolatio_ad_marciam",
        "title": "Consolation to Marcia",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/consolatio-ad-marciam/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.de_beneficiis",
        "title": "On Benefits",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-beneficiis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.de_clementia",
        "title": "On Clemency",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-clementia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.de_ira",
        "title": "On Anger",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-ira/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.de_providentia",
        "title": "On Providence",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-providentia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.epistulae_morales",
        "title": "Moral Letters to Lucilius",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/moral-letters-to-lucilius/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.naturales_quaestiones",
        "title": "Natural Questions",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/naturales-quaestiones/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_republic",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Republic",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-republic/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.xenophon_memorabilia",
        "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia",
        "author": "Xenophon",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-memorabilia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "spinoza.theologico_political_treatise_en",
        "title": "Theologico-Political Treatise, English Manifestation",
        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/spinoza/theologico-political-treatise-en/"
    },
    {
        "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_theologiae",
        "title": "Summa Theologiae",
        "author": "Thomas Aquinas",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-aquinas/summa-theologiae/"
    },
    {
        "id": "zeno.pearson_fragments",
        "title": "The Fragments of Zeno and Cleanthes: Zeno Section, Edited by A. C. Pearson",
        "author": "Zeno of Citium",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/zeno/pearson-fragments/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_algarotti",
        "title": "Algarotti’s Sir Isaac Newton’s Philosophy Explained for the Use of the Ladies, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Francesco Algarotti",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/francesco-algarotti/translated-algarotti/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
        "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/"
    },
    {
        "id": "bible.old_testament",
        "title": "The Bible: Old Testament",
        "author": "Biblical traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/biblical-traditions/the-bible-old-testament/"
    },
    {
        "id": "bible.new_testament",
        "title": "The Bible: New Testament",
        "author": "Biblical traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/biblical-traditions/the-bible-new-testament/"
    },
    {
        "id": "bible.gospels",
        "title": "The Four Gospels",
        "author": "Gospel traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/gospel-traditions/the-four-gospels/"
    }
]
```