{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-concept-v1",
    "id": "craving",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/concepts/craving/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Craving",
    "editorial_status": "substantive_editorial_draft",
    "definition_editorial_status": "agent_machine_evidence_assessed_draft_v1",
    "definition_evidence_passages": [
        "passage:buddha.samyutta_nikaya:sn56.21",
        "passage:buddha.anguttara_nikaya:an4.34",
        "passage:buddha.sutta_nipata:snp5.9"
    ],
    "summary": "Craving is the thirst that clings to pleasure, existence, or non-existence and sustains dukkha.",
    "body": "In the current corpus, this annotation connects 3,726 passages across 90 works, including Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents, Aṅguttara Nikāya: Numerical Discourses, Dhammapada: Verses on the Dhamma. These links provide inspectable points of comparison; they do not assume that every author uses the concept in the same sense.",
    "aliases": [
        "taṇhā",
        "tanha",
        "craving",
        "soif"
    ],
    "statistics": {
        "works": 90,
        "passages": 3726,
        "thinkers": 29,
        "traditions": 14
    },
    "related_traditions": [
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            "id": "political-thought",
            "name": "Political thought and democracy",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/political-thought-and-democracy/"
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            "id": "buddhism",
            "name": "Buddhism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/buddhism/"
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        {
            "id": "skepticism",
            "name": "Skepticism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/skepticism/"
        },
        {
            "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
            "name": "Greek and Roman traditions",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/greek-and-roman-traditions/"
        },
        {
            "id": "science",
            "name": "Science and scientific thought",
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            "id": "stoicism",
            "name": "Stoicism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/stoicism/"
        },
        {
            "id": "modern-philosophy",
            "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/modern-and-contemporary-philosophy/"
        },
        {
            "id": "psychology",
            "name": "Psychology and psychoanalysis",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/psychology-and-psychoanalysis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "chinese-thought",
            "name": "Early Chinese thought",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/early-chinese-thought/"
        },
        {
            "id": "judaism",
            "name": "Judaism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/judaism/"
        },
        {
            "id": "islam",
            "name": "Islam",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/islam/"
        },
        {
            "id": "platonism",
            "name": "Socratic and Platonic thought",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/socratic-and-platonic-thought/"
        },
        {
            "id": "new-thought",
            "name": "New Thought and mental science",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/new-thought-and-mental-science/"
        },
        {
            "id": "christianity",
            "name": "Christianity",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/christianity/"
        }
    ],
    "related_works": [
        {
            "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_context",
            "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents",
            "author": "Correspondents and archival record",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln-archive-correspondents/incoming-mail-and-context/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.anguttara_nikaya",
            "title": "Aṅguttara Nikāya: Numerical Discourses",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/anguttara-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.dhammapada",
            "title": "Dhammapada: Verses on the Dhamma",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/dhammapada/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.digha_nikaya",
            "title": "Dīgha Nikāya: Collection of Long Discourses",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/digha-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.majjhima_nikaya",
            "title": "Majjhima Nikāya: Collection of Middle-Length Discourses",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/majjhima-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.samyutta_nikaya",
            "title": "Saṃyutta Nikāya: Connected Discourses",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/samyutta-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.sutta_nipata",
            "title": "Sutta Nipāta: Early Collection of Discourses in Verse",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/sutta-nipata/"
        },
        {
            "id": "carneades.ancient_testimonia",
            "title": "Ancient testimonia on Carneades",
            "author": "Carneades",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/carneades/ancient-testimonia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_finibus",
            "title": "On Ends",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-finibus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.tusculan_disputations",
            "title": "Tusculan Disputations",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/tusculan-disputations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "diogenes.dio_orations",
            "title": "Dio Chrysostom’s Diogenic Orations",
            "author": "Dio Chrysostom",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/dio-chrysostom/dio-orations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "diogenes.laertius_book6",
            "title": "Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book VI: The Cynics, by Diogenes Laertius",
            "author": "Diogenes Laertius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/diogenes-laertius/laertius-book6/"
        },
        {
            "id": "einstein.why_war_letter",
            "title": "Why War? Einstein’s Letter to Freud",
            "author": "Albert Einstein",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/why-war-letter/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epictetus.discourses",
            "title": "Discourses of Epictetus, Recorded by Arrian",
            "author": "Epictetus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/discourses/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epictetus.enchiridion",
            "title": "Enchiridion of Epictetus",
            "author": "Epictetus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/enchiridion/"
        },
        {
            "id": "locke.essay_human_understanding",
            "title": "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding",
            "author": "John Locke",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/essay-human-understanding/"
        },
        {
            "id": "locke.second_treatise",
            "title": "Second Treatise of Government",
            "author": "John Locke",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/second-treatise/"
        },
        {
            "id": "jung.collected_papers_analytical_psychology",
            "title": "Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology",
            "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/collected-papers-analytical-psychology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "jung.theory_of_psychoanalysis",
            "title": "The Theory of Psychoanalysis",
            "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/theory-of-psychoanalysis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "laozi.daodejing",
            "title": "Daodejing, Book of the Way and Virtue",
            "author": "Laozi",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/laozi/daodejing/"
        },
        {
            "id": "marcus_aurelius.meditations",
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            "author": "Marcus Aurelius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/marcus-aurelius/meditations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "montaigne.essais",
            "title": "The Essays",
            "author": "Michel de Montaigne",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/montaigne/essais/"
        },
        {
            "id": "moses.deuteronomy",
            "title": "Deuteronomy",
            "author": "Moses",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/deuteronomy/"
        },
        {
            "id": "moses.exodus",
            "title": "Exodus",
            "author": "Moses",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/exodus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "muhammad.quran",
            "title": "The Qur’an",
            "author": "Muhammad",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/muhammad/quran/"
        },
        {
            "id": "musonius_rufus.discourses",
            "title": "Discourses of Musonius Rufus Reported by Lucius",
            "author": "Musonius Rufus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/musonius-rufus/discourses/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.critias",
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            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/critias/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.epistles",
            "title": "Letters Attributed to Plato",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epistles/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.ion",
            "title": "Ion",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/ion/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.laws",
            "title": "Laws",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laws/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.lysis",
            "title": "Lysis",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/lysis/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.meno",
            "title": "Meno",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/meno/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.republic",
            "title": "Republic",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/republic/"
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        {
            "id": "plato.symposium",
            "title": "Symposium",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/symposium/"
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        {
            "id": "plutarch.cato_younger",
            "title": "Cato the Younger",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/cato-younger/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.tranquillity_of_mind",
            "title": "On Tranquillity of Mind, Plutarch",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/tranquillity-of-mind/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.consolatio_ad_helviam",
            "title": "Consolation to Helvia, His Mother",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/consolatio-ad-helviam/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.consolatio_ad_polybium",
            "title": "Consolation to Polybius",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/consolatio-ad-polybium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_beneficiis",
            "title": "On Benefits",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-beneficiis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_ira",
            "title": "On Anger",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-ira/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_otio",
            "title": "On Leisure",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-otio/"
        },
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            "id": "seneca.de_providentia",
            "title": "On Providence",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-providentia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_tranquillitate_animi",
            "title": "On Tranquillity of Mind",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-tranquillitate-animi/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.epistulae_morales",
            "title": "Moral Letters to Lucilius",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/moral-letters-to-lucilius/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.naturales_quaestiones",
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            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/naturales-quaestiones/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.outlines",
            "title": "Outlines of Pyrrhonism",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/outlines/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.aristophanes_clouds",
            "title": "Socrates in Aristophanes’ Clouds",
            "author": "Aristophanes",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristophanes/aristophanes-clouds/"
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        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_gorgias",
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            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-gorgias/"
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        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_meno",
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            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedo",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedo",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_republic",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Republic",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-republic/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_symposium",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Symposium",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-symposium/"
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        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_memorabilia",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-memorabilia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_symposium",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Symposium",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-symposium/"
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        {
            "id": "spinoza.ethics_fr",
            "title": "Ethics, Émile Saisset’s French Translation",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/spinoza/ethics-fr/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sunzi.sunzi_bingfa",
            "title": "Sunzi Bingfa, The Art of War",
            "author": "Sun Tzu",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sunzi/art-of-war/"
        },
        {
            "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_contra_gentiles",
            "title": "Summa Contra Gentiles",
            "author": "Thomas Aquinas",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-aquinas/summa-contra-gentiles/"
        },
        {
            "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_theologiae",
            "title": "Summa Theologiae",
            "author": "Thomas Aquinas",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-aquinas/summa-theologiae/"
        },
        {
            "id": "troward.creative_process",
            "title": "The Creative Process in the Individual",
            "author": "Thomas Troward",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-troward/creative-process/"
        },
        {
            "id": "elizabeth_carter.edited_talbot",
            "title": "The Works of the Late Miss Catharine Talbot, an Editorial Volume Associated with Elizabeth Carter",
            "author": "Catharine Talbot",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/catharine-talbot/edited-talbot/"
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        {
            "id": "bible.old_testament",
            "title": "The Bible: Old Testament",
            "author": "Biblical traditions",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/biblical-traditions/the-bible-old-testament/"
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        {
            "id": "bible.new_testament",
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            "author": "Biblical traditions",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/biblical-traditions/the-bible-new-testament/"
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        {
            "id": "bible.gospels",
            "title": "The Four Gospels",
            "author": "Gospel traditions",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/gospel-traditions/the-four-gospels/"
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}