{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-concept-v1",
    "id": "dialectic",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/concepts/dialectic/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Dialectic",
    "editorial_status": "substantive_editorial_draft",
    "definition_editorial_status": "agent_machine_evidence_assessed_draft_v1",
    "definition_evidence_passages": [
        "passage:socrates.plato_phaedrus:266",
        "passage:sextus_empiricus.outlines:2",
        "passage:marcus_aurelius.meditations:7.67"
    ],
    "summary": "Dialectic examines relations among claims and concepts in order to move from opinion toward better-grounded understanding.",
    "body": "In the current corpus, this annotation connects 2,082 passages across 123 works, including Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents, Testimonies and Fragments of Aristo of Chios, Metaphysics. These links provide inspectable points of comparison; they do not assume that every author uses the concept in the same sense.",
    "aliases": [
        "dialectique",
        "dialectic",
        "dialectician",
        "διαλεκτ"
    ],
    "statistics": {
        "works": 123,
        "passages": 2082,
        "thinkers": 24,
        "traditions": 8
    },
    "related_traditions": [
        {
            "id": "political-thought",
            "name": "Political thought and democracy",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/political-thought-and-democracy/"
        },
        {
            "id": "stoicism",
            "name": "Stoicism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/stoicism/"
        },
        {
            "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
            "name": "Greek and Roman traditions",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/greek-and-roman-traditions/"
        },
        {
            "id": "skepticism",
            "name": "Skepticism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/skepticism/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epicureanism",
            "name": "Epicureanism",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/epicureanism/"
        },
        {
            "id": "modern-philosophy",
            "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/modern-and-contemporary-philosophy/"
        },
        {
            "id": "psychology",
            "name": "Psychology and psychoanalysis",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/psychology-and-psychoanalysis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "platonism",
            "name": "Socratic and Platonic thought",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/socratic-and-platonic-thought/"
        }
    ],
    "related_works": [
        {
            "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_context",
            "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents",
            "author": "Correspondents and archival record",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln-archive-correspondents/incoming-mail-and-context/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristo.testimonia_fragments",
            "title": "Testimonies and Fragments of Aristo of Chios",
            "author": "Aristo of Chios",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristo/testimonia-fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.metaphysics",
            "title": "Metaphysics",
            "author": "Aristotle",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/metaphysics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.nicomachean_ethics",
            "title": "Nicomachean Ethics",
            "author": "Aristotle",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/nicomachean-ethics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.poetics",
            "title": "Poetics",
            "author": "Aristotle",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/poetics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.rhetoric",
            "title": "Rhetoric",
            "author": "Aristotle",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/rhetoric/"
        },
        {
            "id": "carneades.ancient_testimonia",
            "title": "Ancient testimonia on Carneades",
            "author": "Carneades",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/carneades/ancient-testimonia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "chrysippus.svf_2",
            "title": "SVF II: Chrysippus on Logic and Physics",
            "author": "Chrysippus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/chrysippus/svf-2/"
        },
        {
            "id": "chrysippus.svf_3",
            "title": "SVF III: Chrysippus on Ethics",
            "author": "Chrysippus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/chrysippus/svf-3/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.academica",
            "title": "Academica",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/academica/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.brutus",
            "title": "Brutus, or On Eminent Orators",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/brutus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.letters_to_atticus",
            "title": "Letters to Atticus",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-atticus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.lucullus",
            "title": "Lucullus, Book Two of the Academica",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/lucullus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_divinatione",
            "title": "On Divination",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-divinatione/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_officiis",
            "title": "On Duties",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-officiis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_finibus",
            "title": "On Ends",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-finibus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_fato",
            "title": "On Fate",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-fato/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_oratore",
            "title": "On the Orator",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-oratore/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_natura_deorum",
            "title": "On the Nature of the Gods",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-natura-deorum/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.orator",
            "title": "Orator",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/orator/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.tusculan_disputations",
            "title": "Tusculan Disputations",
            "author": "Cicero",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/tusculan-disputations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cleanthes.svf_1",
            "title": "SVF I: Cleanthes",
            "author": "Cleanthes",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cleanthes/svf-1/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cleanthes.pearson_fragments",
            "title": "Pearson: Cleanthes fragments",
            "author": "Cleanthes",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cleanthes/pearson-fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "diogenes.dio_orations",
            "title": "Dio Chrysostom’s Diogenic Orations",
            "author": "Dio Chrysostom",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/dio-chrysostom/dio-orations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "elizabeth_carter.epictetus_introduction",
            "title": "Introduction to the Works of Epictetus, by Elizabeth Carter",
            "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/epictetus-introduction/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epictetus.fragments",
            "title": "Fragments Attributed to Epictetus",
            "author": "Epictetus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epicurus.letter_to_herodotus",
            "title": "Letter to Herodotus",
            "author": "Epicurus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epicurus/letter-to-herodotus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sartre.existentialisme_humanisme",
            "title": "Existentialism Is a Humanism",
            "author": "Jean-Paul Sartre",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-paul-sartre/existentialisme-humanisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "jung.psychologische_typen",
            "title": "Psychological Types",
            "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/psychologische-typen/"
        },
        {
            "id": "jung.psychology_of_the_unconscious",
            "title": "Psychology of the Unconscious: Transformations and Symbols of the Libido",
            "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/psychology-of-the-unconscious/"
        },
        {
            "id": "marcus_aurelius.meditations",
            "title": "Meditations",
            "author": "Marcus Aurelius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/marcus-aurelius/meditations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "montaigne.essais",
            "title": "The Essays",
            "author": "Michel de Montaigne",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/montaigne/essais/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.alcibiades_1",
            "title": "First Alcibiades",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/alcibiades-1/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.alcibiades_2",
            "title": "Second Alcibiades, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/alcibiades-2/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.apology",
            "title": "Apology of Socrates",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.charmides",
            "title": "Charmides",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/charmides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.cleitophon",
            "title": "Clitophon",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/cleitophon/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.cratylus",
            "title": "Cratylus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/cratylus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.critias",
            "title": "Critias",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/critias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.crito",
            "title": "Crito",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/crito/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.epinomis",
            "title": "Epinomis, an Ancient Appendix to the Laws",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epinomis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.epistles",
            "title": "Letters Attributed to Plato",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epistles/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.euthydemus",
            "title": "Euthydemus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/euthydemus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.euthyphro",
            "title": "Euthyphro",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/euthyphro/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.gorgias",
            "title": "Gorgias",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/gorgias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hipparchus",
            "title": "Hipparchus, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/hipparchus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hippias_major",
            "title": "Hippias Major",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/hippias-major/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hippias_minor",
            "title": "Hippias Minor",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/hippias-minor/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.ion",
            "title": "Ion",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/ion/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.laches",
            "title": "Laches",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laches/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.laws",
            "title": "Laws",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laws/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.lovers",
            "title": "Rival Lovers, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/lovers/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.lysis",
            "title": "Lysis",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/lysis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.menexenus",
            "title": "Menexenus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/menexenus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.meno",
            "title": "Meno",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.minos",
            "title": "Minos, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/minos/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.parmenides",
            "title": "Parmenides",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/parmenides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.phaedo",
            "title": "Phaedo",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.phaedrus",
            "title": "Phaedrus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/phaedrus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.philebus",
            "title": "Philebus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/philebus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.protagoras",
            "title": "Protagoras",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/protagoras/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.republic",
            "title": "Republic",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/republic/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.sophist",
            "title": "Sophist",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/sophist/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.statesman",
            "title": "Statesman",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/statesman/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.symposium",
            "title": "Symposium",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.theaetetus",
            "title": "Theaetetus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/theaetetus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.theages",
            "title": "Theages, a Dialogue of Disputed Attribution",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/theages/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.timaeus",
            "title": "Timaeus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/timaeus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.alexander",
            "title": "Alexander",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/alexander/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.progress_in_virtue",
            "title": "How One May Know One’s Progress in Virtue",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/progress-in-virtue/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.common_conceptions_against_stoics",
            "title": "On Common Conceptions against the Stoics",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/common-conceptions-against-stoics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.stoic_self_contradictions",
            "title": "On Stoic Self-Contradictions",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/stoic-self-contradictions/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.e_at_delphi",
            "title": "On the E at Delphi",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/e-at-delphi/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.table_talk",
            "title": "Table Talk",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/table-talk/"
        },
        {
            "id": "posidonius.customs_wars",
            "title": "Fragments on Customs and Wars",
            "author": "Posidonius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/posidonius/customs-wars/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.epistulae_morales",
            "title": "Moral Letters to Lucilius",
            "author": "Seneca",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/moral-letters-to-lucilius/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_ethicists",
            "title": "Against the Ethicists, Book XI of Against the Learned",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/against-ethicists/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_logicians",
            "title": "Against the Logicians, Books VII-VIII of Against the Learned",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/against-logicians/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_physicists",
            "title": "Against the Physicists, Books IX-X of Against the Learned",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/against-physicists/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_professors",
            "title": "Against the Professors, Books I-VI of Against the Learned",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/against-professors/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.outlines",
            "title": "Outlines of Pyrrhonism",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/outlines/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_meno",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Meno",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedo",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedo",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedrus",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedrus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedrus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_republic",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Republic",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-republic/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_symposium",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Symposium",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_theaetetus",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Theaetetus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-theaetetus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_memorabilia",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-memorabilia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "stilpo.diogenes_laertius_book2",
            "title": "Diogenes Laertius II.11: Stilpo",
            "author": "Stilpo of Megara",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/stilpo/diogenes-laertius-book2/"
        },
        {
            "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_theologiae",
            "title": "Summa Theologiae",
            "author": "Thomas Aquinas",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-aquinas/summa-theologiae/"
        },
        {
            "id": "zeno.svf_1",
            "title": "Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta I: Zeno of Citium",
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