# Political equality

- Id: `political_equality`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/concepts/political-equality/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `substantive_editorial_draft`
- Content checksum: `d4a918b3b99a5b7c9877814fc722fcca7842792a1c038ccd322b29758db92a7f`

## Summary

Political equality denies that civic standing should rest on an alleged natural hierarchy; it is tested in rights, representation, and law.

## Overview

In the current corpus, this annotation connects 1,665 passages across 99 works, including Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents, Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents, Eudemian Ethics. These links provide inspectable points of comparison; they do not assume that every author uses the concept in the same sense.

## Definition evidence passages

```json
[
    "passage:marcus_aurelius.meditations:1.14",
    "passage:aristotle.politics:5.1301b",
    "passage:seneca.de_beneficiis:2.20"
]
```

## Aliases

```json
[
    "égalité",
    "equality",
    "equal rights"
]
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 99,
    "passages": 1665,
    "thinkers": 29,
    "traditions": 13
}
```

## Related traditions

```json
[
    {
        "id": "political-thought",
        "name": "Political thought and democracy",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/political-thought-and-democracy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "name": "Greek and Roman traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/greek-and-roman-traditions/"
    },
    {
        "id": "buddhism",
        "name": "Buddhism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/buddhism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "skepticism",
        "name": "Skepticism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/skepticism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "science",
        "name": "Science and scientific thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/science-and-scientific-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "name": "Stoicism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/stoicism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "modern-philosophy",
        "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/modern-and-contemporary-philosophy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "psychology",
        "name": "Psychology and psychoanalysis",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/psychology-and-psychoanalysis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "chinese-thought",
        "name": "Early Chinese thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/early-chinese-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "islam",
        "name": "Islam",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/islam/"
    },
    {
        "id": "platonism",
        "name": "Socratic and Platonic thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/socratic-and-platonic-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "new-thought",
        "name": "New Thought and mental science",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/new-thought-and-mental-science/"
    },
    {
        "id": "christianity",
        "name": "Christianity",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/christianity/"
    }
]
```

## Related works

```json
[
    {
        "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_authored",
        "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents",
        "author": "Abraham Lincoln",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln/lincoln-authored-papers/"
    },
    {
        "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_context",
        "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents",
        "author": "Correspondents and archival record",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln-archive-correspondents/incoming-mail-and-context/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.eudemian_ethics",
        "title": "Eudemian Ethics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/eudemian-ethics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.metaphysics",
        "title": "Metaphysics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/metaphysics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.nicomachean_ethics",
        "title": "Nicomachean Ethics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/nicomachean-ethics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.politics",
        "title": "Politics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/politics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.rhetoric",
        "title": "Rhetoric",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/rhetoric/"
    },
    {
        "id": "buddha.anguttara_nikaya",
        "title": "Aṅguttara Nikāya: Numerical Discourses",
        "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/anguttara-nikaya/"
    },
    {
        "id": "buddha.digha_nikaya",
        "title": "Dīgha Nikāya: Collection of Long Discourses",
        "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/digha-nikaya/"
    },
    {
        "id": "carneades.ancient_testimonia",
        "title": "Ancient testimonia on Carneades",
        "author": "Carneades",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/carneades/ancient-testimonia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.academica",
        "title": "Academica",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/academica/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.brutus",
        "title": "Brutus, or On Eminent Orators",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/brutus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.letters_to_atticus",
        "title": "Letters to Atticus",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-atticus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.letters_to_friends",
        "title": "Letters to Friends",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-friends/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_officiis",
        "title": "On Duties",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-officiis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_amicitia",
        "title": "On Friendship",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-amicitia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_natura_deorum",
        "title": "On the Nature of the Gods",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-natura-deorum/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.tusculan_disputations",
        "title": "Tusculan Disputations",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/tusculan-disputations/"
    },
    {
        "id": "diogenes.lucian_sale",
        "title": "Philosophies for Sale, Sections 7-11, by Lucian of Samosata",
        "author": "Lucian of Samosata",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/lucian/lucian-sale/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.nobel_lecture",
        "title": "Fundamental Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity, Nobel Lecture",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/nobel-lecture/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.relativity_popular_en",
        "title": "Relativity: The Special and General Theory, English Translation",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/relativity-popular-en/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.meaning_of_relativity",
        "title": "The Meaning of Relativity",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/meaning-of-relativity/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.principle_selected_papers",
        "title": "The Principle of Relativity: Selected Papers by Einstein",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/principle-selected-papers/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.world_as_i_see_it",
        "title": "The World As I See It",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/world-as-i-see-it/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.montagu_letters",
        "title": "Letters from Elizabeth Carter to Elizabeth Montagu",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/montagu-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "epictetus.discourses",
        "title": "Discourses of Epictetus, Recorded by Arrian",
        "author": "Epictetus",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/discourses/"
    },
    {
        "id": "locke.essay_human_understanding",
        "title": "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding",
        "author": "John Locke",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/essay-human-understanding/"
    },
    {
        "id": "locke.second_treatise",
        "title": "Second Treatise of Government",
        "author": "John Locke",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/second-treatise/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.collected_papers_analytical_psychology",
        "title": "Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/collected-papers-analytical-psychology/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.psychologische_typen",
        "title": "Psychological Types",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/psychologische-typen/"
    },
    {
        "id": "laozi.daodejing",
        "title": "Daodejing, Book of the Way and Virtue",
        "author": "Laozi",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/laozi/daodejing/"
    },
    {
        "id": "marcus_aurelius.meditations",
        "title": "Meditations",
        "author": "Marcus Aurelius",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/marcus-aurelius/meditations/"
    },
    {
        "id": "montaigne.essais",
        "title": "The Essays",
        "author": "Michel de Montaigne",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/montaigne/essais/"
    },
    {
        "id": "muhammad.quran",
        "title": "The Qur’an",
        "author": "Muhammad",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/muhammad/quran/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.crito",
        "title": "Crito",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/crito/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.epistles",
        "title": "Letters Attributed to Plato",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epistles/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.gorgias",
        "title": "Gorgias",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/gorgias/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.laws",
        "title": "Laws",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laws/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.menexenus",
        "title": "Menexenus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/menexenus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.minos",
        "title": "Minos, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/minos/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.parmenides",
        "title": "Parmenides",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/parmenides/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.phaedo",
        "title": "Phaedo",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/phaedo/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.phaedrus",
        "title": "Phaedrus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/phaedrus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.philebus",
        "title": "Philebus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/philebus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.protagoras",
        "title": "Protagoras",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/protagoras/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.republic",
        "title": "Republic",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/republic/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.theaetetus",
        "title": "Theaetetus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/theaetetus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.timaeus",
        "title": "Timaeus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/timaeus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.caesar",
        "title": "Caesar",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/caesar/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.progress_in_virtue",
        "title": "How One May Know One’s Progress in Virtue",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/progress-in-virtue/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.common_conceptions_against_stoics",
        "title": "On Common Conceptions against the Stoics",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/common-conceptions-against-stoics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.e_at_delphi",
        "title": "On the E at Delphi",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/e-at-delphi/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.face_in_moon",
        "title": "On the Face in the Moon",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/face-in-moon/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plutarch.table_talk",
        "title": "Table Talk",
        "author": "Plutarch",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/table-talk/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.consolatio_ad_marciam",
        "title": "Consolation to Marcia",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/consolatio-ad-marciam/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.de_beneficiis",
        "title": "On Benefits",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-beneficiis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.de_tranquillitate_animi",
        "title": "On Tranquillity of Mind",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-tranquillitate-animi/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.epistulae_morales",
        "title": "Moral Letters to Lucilius",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/moral-letters-to-lucilius/"
    },
    {
        "id": "seneca.naturales_quaestiones",
        "title": "Natural Questions",
        "author": "Seneca",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/naturales-quaestiones/"
    },
    {
        "id": "sextus_empiricus.outlines",
        "title": "Outlines of Pyrrhonism",
        "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sextus-empiricus/outlines/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_crito",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Crito",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-crito/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_gorgias",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Gorgias",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-gorgias/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_phaedo",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedo",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedo/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_phaedrus",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedrus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedrus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_protagoras",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Protagoras",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-protagoras/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_republic",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Republic",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-republic/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.plato_theaetetus",
        "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Theaetetus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-theaetetus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.xenophon_memorabilia",
        "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia",
        "author": "Xenophon",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-memorabilia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "socrates.xenophon_oeconomicus",
        "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Oeconomicus",
        "author": "Xenophon",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-oeconomicus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "spinoza.ethics_fr",
        "title": "Ethics, Émile Saisset’s French Translation",
        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/spinoza/ethics-fr/"
    },
    {
        "id": "spinoza.political_treatise_en",
        "title": "Political Treatise, English Manifestation",
        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/spinoza/political-treatise-en/"
    },
    {
        "id": "spinoza.short_treatise_fr",
        "title": "Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being, French Manifestation",
        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/spinoza/short-treatise-fr/"
    },
    {
        "id": "spinoza.theologico_political_treatise_en",
        "title": "Theologico-Political Treatise, English Manifestation",
        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/spinoza/theologico-political-treatise-en/"
    },
    {
        "id": "sunzi.sunzi_bingfa",
        "title": "Sunzi Bingfa, The Art of War",
        "author": "Sun Tzu",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/sunzi/art-of-war/"
    },
    {
        "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_contra_gentiles",
        "title": "Summa Contra Gentiles",
        "author": "Thomas Aquinas",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-aquinas/summa-contra-gentiles/"
    },
    {
        "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_theologiae",
        "title": "Summa Theologiae",
        "author": "Thomas Aquinas",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-aquinas/summa-theologiae/"
    },
    {
        "id": "troward.creative_process",
        "title": "The Creative Process in the Individual",
        "author": "Thomas Troward",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/thomas-troward/creative-process/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.edited_talbot",
        "title": "The Works of the Late Miss Catharine Talbot, an Editorial Volume Associated with Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Catharine Talbot",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/catharine-talbot/edited-talbot/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.epictetus_translation",
        "title": "The Works of Epictetus, Translated into English by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Epictetus",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/epictetus-translation/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_algarotti",
        "title": "Algarotti’s Sir Isaac Newton’s Philosophy Explained for the Use of the Ladies, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Francesco Algarotti",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/francesco-algarotti/translated-algarotti/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
        "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/"
    },
    {
        "id": "bible.new_testament",
        "title": "The Bible: New Testament",
        "author": "Biblical traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/biblical-traditions/the-bible-new-testament/"
    }
]
```