# Ressentiment

- Id: `ressentiment`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/concepts/ressentiment/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `substantive_editorial_draft`
- Content checksum: `7156684d674ad3497075ba703d0933827a45e44d8865643da3f3b85f70784a6e`

## Summary

Ressentiment names a reactive production of values: blocked hostility reverses judgments and calls evil what it cannot attain, rather than merely describing ordinary resentment.

## Overview

In the current corpus, this annotation connects 4,827 passages across 205 works, including Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents, Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents, Eudemian Ethics. These links provide inspectable points of comparison; they do not assume that every author uses the concept in the same sense.

## Definition evidence passages

```json
[
    "passage:schopenhauer.world:kant-criticism",
    "passage:montaigne.essais:3.5",
    "passage:seneca.de_ira:3.39"
]
```

## Aliases

```json
[
    "ressentiment",
    "rache",
    "revenge",
    "vengeance"
]
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 205,
    "passages": 4827,
    "thinkers": 39,
    "traditions": 14
}
```

## Related traditions

```json
[
    {
        "id": "political-thought",
        "name": "Political thought and democracy",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/political-thought-and-democracy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "name": "Greek and Roman traditions",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/greek-and-roman-traditions/"
    },
    {
        "id": "buddhism",
        "name": "Buddhism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/buddhism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "skepticism",
        "name": "Skepticism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/skepticism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "chinese-thought",
        "name": "Early Chinese thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/early-chinese-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "science",
        "name": "Science and scientific thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/science-and-scientific-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "name": "Stoicism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/stoicism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "modern-philosophy",
        "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/modern-and-contemporary-philosophy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "psychology",
        "name": "Psychology and psychoanalysis",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/psychology-and-psychoanalysis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "judaism",
        "name": "Judaism",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/judaism/"
    },
    {
        "id": "islam",
        "name": "Islam",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/islam/"
    },
    {
        "id": "platonism",
        "name": "Socratic and Platonic thought",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/socratic-and-platonic-thought/"
    },
    {
        "id": "new-thought",
        "name": "New Thought and mental science",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/new-thought-and-mental-science/"
    },
    {
        "id": "christianity",
        "name": "Christianity",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/christianity/"
    }
]
```

## Related works

```json
[
    {
        "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_authored",
        "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents",
        "author": "Abraham Lincoln",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln/lincoln-authored-papers/"
    },
    {
        "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_context",
        "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Incoming and Contextual Documents",
        "author": "Correspondents and archival record",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln-archive-correspondents/incoming-mail-and-context/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.eudemian_ethics",
        "title": "Eudemian Ethics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/eudemian-ethics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.nicomachean_ethics",
        "title": "Nicomachean Ethics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/nicomachean-ethics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.politics",
        "title": "Politics",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/politics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "aristotle.rhetoric",
        "title": "Rhetoric",
        "author": "Aristotle",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/rhetoric/"
    },
    {
        "id": "buddha.anguttara_nikaya",
        "title": "Aṅguttara Nikāya: Numerical Discourses",
        "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/anguttara-nikaya/"
    },
    {
        "id": "buddha.samyutta_nikaya",
        "title": "Saṃyutta Nikāya: Connected Discourses",
        "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/buddha/samyutta-nikaya/"
    },
    {
        "id": "carneades.ancient_testimonia",
        "title": "Ancient testimonia on Carneades",
        "author": "Carneades",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/carneades/ancient-testimonia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.academica",
        "title": "Academica",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/academica/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.brutus",
        "title": "Brutus, or On Eminent Orators",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/brutus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.catilinarians",
        "title": "Catilinarian Orations",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/catilinarians/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.letters_to_atticus",
        "title": "Letters to Atticus",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-atticus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.letters_to_friends",
        "title": "Letters to Friends",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/letters-to-friends/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_officiis",
        "title": "On Duties",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-officiis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_finibus",
        "title": "On Ends",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-finibus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_natura_deorum",
        "title": "On the Nature of the Gods",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-natura-deorum/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.de_republica",
        "title": "On the Republic",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/de-republica/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.philippics",
        "title": "Philippics",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/philippics/"
    },
    {
        "id": "cicero.tusculan_disputations",
        "title": "Tusculan Disputations",
        "author": "Cicero",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/tusculan-disputations/"
    },
    {
        "id": "confucius.analects",
        "title": "The Analects of Confucius (Lúnyǔ)",
        "author": "Confucius",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/confucius/analects/"
    },
    {
        "id": "diogenes.laertius_book6",
        "title": "Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book VI: The Cynics, by Diogenes Laertius",
        "author": "Diogenes Laertius",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/diogenes-laertius/laertius-book6/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.born_letters",
        "title": "The Born-Einstein Letters: Einstein’s Letters",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/born-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "einstein.world_as_i_see_it",
        "title": "The World As I See It",
        "author": "Albert Einstein",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/einstein/world-as-i-see-it/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.answers_to_objections",
        "title": "Answers to Objections Concerning the Christian Religion, by Elizabeth Carter",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/answers-to-objections/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.montagu_letters",
        "title": "Letters from Elizabeth Carter to Elizabeth Montagu",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/montagu-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.vesey_letters",
        "title": "Letters from Elizabeth Carter to Elizabeth Vesey",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/vesey-letters/"
    },
    {
        "id": "elizabeth_carter.bible_notes",
        "title": "Elizabeth Carter’s Notes on the Bible",
        "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/elizabeth-carter/bible-notes/"
    },
    {
        "id": "epictetus.discourses",
        "title": "Discourses of Epictetus, Recorded by Arrian",
        "author": "Epictetus",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/discourses/"
    },
    {
        "id": "epictetus.fragments",
        "title": "Fragments Attributed to Epictetus",
        "author": "Epictetus",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/fragments/"
    },
    {
        "id": "francis_of_assisi.testament",
        "title": "Testament",
        "author": "Francis of Assisi",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/francis-of-assisi/testament/"
    },
    {
        "id": "freud.jenseits_lustprinzips",
        "title": "Beyond the Pleasure Principle",
        "author": "Sigmund Freud",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/jenseits-lustprinzips/"
    },
    {
        "id": "freud.der_witz",
        "title": "Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious",
        "author": "Sigmund Freud",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/der-witz/"
    },
    {
        "id": "freud.traumdeutung",
        "title": "The Interpretation of Dreams",
        "author": "Sigmund Freud",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/traumdeutung/"
    },
    {
        "id": "freud.psychopathologie_alltagslebens",
        "title": "The Psychopathology of Everyday Life",
        "author": "Sigmund Freud",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/psychopathologie-alltagslebens/"
    },
    {
        "id": "freud.drei_abhandlungen",
        "title": "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality",
        "author": "Sigmund Freud",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/drei-abhandlungen/"
    },
    {
        "id": "freud.totem_und_tabu",
        "title": "Totem and Taboo",
        "author": "Sigmund Freud",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/totem-und-tabu/"
    },
    {
        "id": "hillel.rabbinic_testimonia",
        "title": "Hillel in Early Rabbinic Carriers",
        "author": "Hillel the Elder",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/hillel/rabbinic-testimonia/"
    },
    {
        "id": "sartre.existentialisme_humanisme",
        "title": "Existentialism Is a Humanism",
        "author": "Jean-Paul Sartre",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-paul-sartre/existentialisme-humanisme/"
    },
    {
        "id": "locke.essay_human_understanding",
        "title": "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding",
        "author": "John Locke",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/essay-human-understanding/"
    },
    {
        "id": "locke.second_treatise",
        "title": "Second Treatise of Government",
        "author": "John Locke",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/john-locke/second-treatise/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.collected_papers_analytical_psychology",
        "title": "Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/collected-papers-analytical-psychology/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.psychologische_typen",
        "title": "Psychological Types",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/psychologische-typen/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.psychology_of_the_unconscious",
        "title": "Psychology of the Unconscious: Transformations and Symbols of the Libido",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/psychology-of-the-unconscious/"
    },
    {
        "id": "jung.theory_of_psychoanalysis",
        "title": "The Theory of Psychoanalysis",
        "author": "Carl Gustav Jung",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jung/theory-of-psychoanalysis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "marcus_aurelius.meditations",
        "title": "Meditations",
        "author": "Marcus Aurelius",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/marcus-aurelius/meditations/"
    },
    {
        "id": "montaigne.essais",
        "title": "The Essays",
        "author": "Michel de Montaigne",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/montaigne/essais/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.deuteronomy",
        "title": "Deuteronomy",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/deuteronomy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.exodus",
        "title": "Exodus",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/exodus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.genesis",
        "title": "Genesis",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/genesis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.leviticus",
        "title": "Leviticus",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/leviticus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "moses.numbers",
        "title": "Numbers",
        "author": "Moses",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/moses/numbers/"
    },
    {
        "id": "muhammad.quran",
        "title": "The Qur’an",
        "author": "Muhammad",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/muhammad/quran/"
    },
    {
        "id": "musonius_rufus.discourses",
        "title": "Discourses of Musonius Rufus Reported by Lucius",
        "author": "Musonius Rufus",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/musonius-rufus/discourses/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.zarathustra_1",
        "title": "Thus Spoke Zarathustra I",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/zarathustra-1/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.zarathustra_2",
        "title": "Thus Spoke Zarathustra II",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/zarathustra-2/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.zarathustra_3",
        "title": "Thus Spoke Zarathustra III",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/zarathustra-3/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.zarathustra_4",
        "title": "Thus Spoke Zarathustra IV",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/zarathustra-4/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.david_strauss",
        "title": "David Strauss",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/david-strauss/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.antichrist",
        "title": "The Antichrist",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/antichrist/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.case_wagner",
        "title": "The Case of Wagner",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/case-wagner/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.birth_of_tragedy",
        "title": "The Birth of Tragedy",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/birth-of-tragedy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.gay_science",
        "title": "The Gay Science",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/gay-science/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.dionysian_dithyrambs",
        "title": "Dionysian Dithyrambs",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/dionysian-dithyrambs/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.ecce_homo",
        "title": "Ecce Homo",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/ecce-homo/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.new_year_word",
        "title": "A New Year's Word",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/new-year-word/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.twilight_idols",
        "title": "Twilight of the Idols",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/twilight-idols/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.idylls_messina",
        "title": "Idylls from Messina",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/idylls-messina/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.beyond_good_evil",
        "title": "Beyond Good and Evil",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/beyond-good-evil/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.human_all_too_human_1",
        "title": "Human, All Too Human I",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/human-all-too-human-1/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.human_all_too_human_2",
        "title": "Human, All Too Human II",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/human-all-too-human-2/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.daybreak",
        "title": "Daybreak",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/daybreak/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.nietzsche_contra_wagner",
        "title": "Nietzsche contra Wagner",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/nietzsche-contra-wagner/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.wagner_bayreuth",
        "title": "Richard Wagner in Bayreuth",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/wagner-bayreuth/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.schopenhauer_educator",
        "title": "Schopenhauer as Educator",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/schopenhauer-educator/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.socrates_greek_tragedy",
        "title": "Socrates and Greek Tragedy",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/socrates-greek-tragedy/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.use_abuse_history",
        "title": "On the Use and Abuse of History for Life",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/use-abuse-history/"
    },
    {
        "id": "nietzsche.genealogy_morality",
        "title": "On the Genealogy of Morality",
        "author": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/nietzsche/genealogy-morality/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.apology",
        "title": "Apology of Socrates",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/apology/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.epinomis",
        "title": "Epinomis, an Ancient Appendix to the Laws",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epinomis/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.epistles",
        "title": "Letters Attributed to Plato",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epistles/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.laws",
        "title": "Laws",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laws/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.menexenus",
        "title": "Menexenus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/menexenus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.philebus",
        "title": "Philebus",
        "author": "Plato",
        "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/philebus/"
    },
    {
        "id": "plato.protagoras",
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        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
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        "id": "spinoza.ethics_fr",
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        "id": "spinoza.political_treatise_en",
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        "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
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        "id": "sunzi.sunzi_bingfa",
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]
```