{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-intellectual-tradition-v1",
    "id": "platonism",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/intellectual-traditions/socratic-and-platonic-thought/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Socratic and Platonic thought",
    "editorial_status": "reviewed",
    "summary": "A dialogical tradition testing definition, justice, knowledge, and the care of the soul.",
    "body": "Socrates left no writings. His practice of questioning reaches us mainly through Plato, whose dialogues turn philosophical inquiry into a living scene. An answer is proposed, tested, corrected, and sometimes left unresolved.\n\nPlatonism is therefore neither one fixed doctrine nor merely a theory of Forms. It investigates the difference between opinion and knowledge, the conditions of a just city, desire, education, and the soul’s relation to reality. Its heirs produced readings that can conflict, and the corpus should keep those differences visible.",
    "period": "Since the 5th century BCE",
    "statistics": {
        "thinkers": 3,
        "works": 70,
        "passages": 4262,
        "concepts": 149
    },
    "thinkers": [
        {
            "id": "socrates",
            "name": "Socrates",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/socrates/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato",
            "name": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/plato/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch",
            "name": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/plutarch/"
        }
    ],
    "works": [
        {
            "id": "plato.alcibiades_1",
            "title": "First Alcibiades",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/alcibiades-1/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.alcibiades_2",
            "title": "Second Alcibiades, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/alcibiades-2/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.apology",
            "title": "Apology of Socrates",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.charmides",
            "title": "Charmides",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/charmides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.cleitophon",
            "title": "Clitophon",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/cleitophon/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.cratylus",
            "title": "Cratylus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/cratylus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.critias",
            "title": "Critias",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/critias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.crito",
            "title": "Crito",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/crito/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.epinomis",
            "title": "Epinomis, an Ancient Appendix to the Laws",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epinomis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.epistles",
            "title": "Letters Attributed to Plato",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epistles/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.euthydemus",
            "title": "Euthydemus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/euthydemus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.euthyphro",
            "title": "Euthyphro",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/euthyphro/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.gorgias",
            "title": "Gorgias",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/gorgias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hipparchus",
            "title": "Hipparchus, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/hipparchus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hippias_major",
            "title": "Hippias Major",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/hippias-major/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hippias_minor",
            "title": "Hippias Minor",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/hippias-minor/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.ion",
            "title": "Ion",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/ion/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.laches",
            "title": "Laches",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laches/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.laws",
            "title": "Laws",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/laws/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.lovers",
            "title": "Rival Lovers, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/lovers/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.lysis",
            "title": "Lysis",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/lysis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.menexenus",
            "title": "Menexenus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/menexenus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.meno",
            "title": "Meno",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.minos",
            "title": "Minos, a Pseudo-Platonic Dialogue",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/minos/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.parmenides",
            "title": "Parmenides",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/parmenides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.phaedo",
            "title": "Phaedo",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.phaedrus",
            "title": "Phaedrus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/phaedrus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.philebus",
            "title": "Philebus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/philebus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.protagoras",
            "title": "Protagoras",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/protagoras/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.republic",
            "title": "Republic",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/republic/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.sophist",
            "title": "Sophist",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/sophist/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.statesman",
            "title": "Statesman",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/statesman/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.symposium",
            "title": "Symposium",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.theaetetus",
            "title": "Theaetetus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/theaetetus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.theages",
            "title": "Theages, a Dialogue of Disputed Attribution",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/theages/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.timaeus",
            "title": "Timaeus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/timaeus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.alexander",
            "title": "Alexander",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/alexander/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.caesar",
            "title": "Caesar",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/caesar/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.cato_younger",
            "title": "Cato the Younger",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/cato-younger/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.progress_in_virtue",
            "title": "How One May Know One’s Progress in Virtue",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/progress-in-virtue/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.how_young_man_should_study_poetry",
            "title": "How a Young Man Should Study Poetry",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/how-young-man-should-study-poetry/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.profit_from_enemies",
            "title": "How to Profit by One’s Enemies",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/profit-from-enemies/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.common_conceptions_against_stoics",
            "title": "On Common Conceptions against the Stoics",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/common-conceptions-against-stoics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.on_curiosity",
            "title": "On Curiosity",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/on-curiosity/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.moral_virtue",
            "title": "On Moral Virtue",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/moral-virtue/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.stoic_self_contradictions",
            "title": "On Stoic Self-Contradictions",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/stoic-self-contradictions/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.tranquillity_of_mind",
            "title": "On Tranquillity of Mind, Plutarch",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/tranquillity-of-mind/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.control_of_anger",
            "title": "On the Control of Anger",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/control-of-anger/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.e_at_delphi",
            "title": "On the E at Delphi",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/e-at-delphi/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.face_in_moon",
            "title": "On the Face in the Moon",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/face-in-moon/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.table_talk",
            "title": "Table Talk",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/table-talk/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.stoics_more_absurd_than_poets",
            "title": "The Stoics Speak More Absurdly than the Poets",
            "author": "Plutarch",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/stoics-more-absurd-than-poets/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.aristophanes_clouds",
            "title": "Socrates in Aristophanes’ Clouds",
            "author": "Aristophanes",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristophanes/aristophanes-clouds/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_apology",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Apology",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_charmides",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Charmides",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-charmides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_crito",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Crito",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-crito/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_euthyphro",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Euthyphro",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-euthyphro/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_gorgias",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Gorgias",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-gorgias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_laches",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Laches",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-laches/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_meno",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Meno",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedo",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedo",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedrus",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Phaedrus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-phaedrus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_protagoras",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Protagoras",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-protagoras/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_republic",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Republic",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-republic/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_symposium",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Symposium",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_theaetetus",
            "title": "Socrates in Plato’s Theaetetus",
            "author": "Plato",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/plato-theaetetus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_apology",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Apology",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_memorabilia",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-memorabilia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_oeconomicus",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Oeconomicus",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-oeconomicus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_symposium",
            "title": "Socrates in Xenophon’s Symposium",
            "author": "Xenophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/xenophon/xenophon-symposium/"
        }
    ],
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}