{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-thinker-v1",
    "id": "buddha",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/buddha/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha",
    "editorial_status": "available",
    "summary": "The teacher at the origin of Buddhism, the Buddha examines suffering, its causes, its cessation, and the disciplined path that leads beyond it.",
    "body": "The historical Buddha's dates are disputed; the cutoff is an explicitly approximate reconstruction.",
    "lifespan": {
        "display": "5th c. BCE (debated)",
        "era": "Classical Antiquity",
        "distance": "about 2,475 years ago",
        "age_at_death": null
    },
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "buddhism",
        "name": "Buddhism",
        "detail": "Buddhism",
        "labels": [
            "Buddhism"
        ]
    },
    "historical_cutoff": {
        "year": -368,
        "display": "368 BCE",
        "reason": "The historical Buddha's dates are disputed; the cutoff is an explicitly approximate reconstruction."
    },
    "statistics": {
        "works": 6,
        "passages": 3512,
        "languages": [
            "en",
            "fr",
            "pli"
        ],
        "intellectual_exposures": 2,
        "typed_relationships": 0
    },
    "attested_thinker_encounters": [],
    "places": [
        {
            "name": "Lumbini",
            "period": "traditional birth",
            "description": "Traditional birthplace preserved in Buddhist pilgrimage geography.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Kapilavastu region",
            "period": "early life",
            "description": "Traditional setting of youth; archaeological identification is debated.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Bodh Gaya",
            "period": "awakening tradition",
            "description": "Traditional site of awakening.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Sarnath",
            "period": "first teaching tradition",
            "description": "Traditional site of the first discourse.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Rajgir",
            "period": "teaching years",
            "description": "Major setting in early Buddhist textual traditions.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Shravasti",
            "period": "teaching years",
            "description": "Recurring residence in early discourse collections.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Kushinagar",
            "period": "death tradition",
            "description": "Traditional site of final passing.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Nalanda",
            "period": "teaching itinerary tradition",
            "description": "A place on the transmitted teaching itinerary, distinct from the later monastic university.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-10/Budhism%20Kushinagar%20Brochure_Print%20PDF.pdf"
        },
        {
            "name": "Kaushambi",
            "period": "teaching years",
            "description": "Recurring location in the early Buddhist itinerary tradition.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-10/Budhism%20Kushinagar%20Brochure_Print%20PDF.pdf"
        },
        {
            "name": "Vaishali",
            "period": "final journey tradition",
            "description": "Associated with the final teaching journey in Buddhist tradition.",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_url": "https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-10/Budhism%20Kushinagar%20Brochure_Print%20PDF.pdf"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "d6c5ffc65ece852aa93a9395855cd8c256d0dc0a298d2436ee4b8f67d6cce133"
}