{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-thinker-v1",
    "id": "carneades",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/carneades/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Carneades",
    "editorial_status": "available",
    "summary": "Academic skeptic reconstructed from one hundred carrier-qualified testimonia in Greek, Latin, French, and English, with opposed advocacy separated from dogmatic denial and practical probability kept revisable.",
    "body": "Carneades died in 129/128 BCE and left no surviving self-authored work. His positions are reconstructed through later witnesses, especially Clitomachus as mediated by Cicero and Sextus Empiricus.",
    "lifespan": {
        "display": "c. 214–c. 129 BCE",
        "era": "Hellenistic and Roman era",
        "distance": "about 2,154 years ago",
        "age_at_death": null
    },
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "skepticism",
        "name": "Skepticism",
        "detail": "Academic skepticism",
        "labels": [
            "Skepticism",
            "Academic skepticism"
        ]
    },
    "historical_cutoff": {
        "year": -128,
        "display": "128 BCE",
        "reason": "Carneades died in 129/128 BCE and left no surviving self-authored work. His positions are reconstructed through later witnesses, especially Clitomachus as mediated by Cicero and Sextus Empiricus."
    },
    "statistics": {
        "works": 1,
        "passages": 100,
        "languages": [
            "en",
            "fr",
            "grc",
            "lat"
        ],
        "intellectual_exposures": 2,
        "typed_relationships": 1
    },
    "attested_thinker_encounters": [
        {
            "person_id": "clitomachus",
            "name": "Clitomachus",
            "relationship_type": "student_and_literary_reporter",
            "confidence": "C",
            "source_refs": [
                "corpus.carneades.testimonia",
                "ancient.cicero.academica"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "places": [
        {
            "name": "Cyrene",
            "period": "214/213 BCE",
            "description": "Birthplace.",
            "confidence": "B",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-ancient/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Athens",
            "period": "adult life",
            "description": "Head of the Academy and center of teaching.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-ancient/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Rome",
            "period": "155 BCE",
            "description": "Embassy and celebrated paired speeches on justice.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-ancient/"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "a32f344ef07eda52bbf02c70bf0b0a5880909ad9d78550d6a9d37755a513533d"
}