{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-thinker-v1",
    "id": "epictetus",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/epictetus/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Epictetus",
    "editorial_status": "available",
    "summary": "Former slave turned Stoic teacher, Epictetus taught people to separate what is up to us from what is not.",
    "body": "Conservative upper bound for Epictetus' death, whose exact date is not known.",
    "lifespan": {
        "display": "c. 50–135 CE",
        "era": "Hellenistic and Roman era",
        "distance": "about 1,891–1,976 years ago",
        "age_at_death": 85
    },
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "name": "Stoicism",
        "detail": "Roman Stoicism",
        "labels": [
            "Stoicism",
            "Roman Stoicism"
        ]
    },
    "historical_cutoff": {
        "year": 135,
        "display": "135 CE",
        "reason": "Conservative upper bound for Epictetus' death, whose exact date is not known."
    },
    "statistics": {
        "works": 3,
        "passages": 179,
        "languages": [
            "en",
            "fr",
            "grc"
        ],
        "intellectual_exposures": 2,
        "typed_relationships": 2
    },
    "attested_thinker_encounters": [
        {
            "person_id": "musonius_rufus",
            "name": "Musonius Rufus",
            "relationship_type": "teacher",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_refs": [
                "corpus.epictetus.discourses",
                "modern.sep.epictetus"
            ]
        },
        {
            "person_id": "arrian",
            "name": "Arrian",
            "relationship_type": "student_and_textual_carrier",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_refs": [
                "corpus.epictetus.discourses"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "places": [
        {
            "name": "Hierapolis",
            "period": "c. 50 CE",
            "description": "Birthplace in Phrygia.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Rome",
            "period": "youth-c. 93 CE",
            "description": "Enslavement, study with Musonius Rufus and early teaching.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Nicopolis",
            "period": "after c. 93 CE",
            "description": "School founded after Domitian's expulsion of philosophers.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "54e59011d008f3344dbc7d51e1876f75c41bfe6916175ce3f4952dcbbc98c2b7"
}