# Epictetus

- Id: `epictetus`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/epictetus/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `available`
- Content checksum: `54e59011d008f3344dbc7d51e1876f75c41bfe6916175ce3f4952dcbbc98c2b7`

## Summary

Former slave turned Stoic teacher, Epictetus taught people to separate what is up to us from what is not.

## Overview

Conservative upper bound for Epictetus' death, whose exact date is not known.

## Lifespan

```json
{
    "display": "c. 50–135 CE",
    "era": "Hellenistic and Roman era",
    "distance": "about 1,891–1,976 years ago",
    "age_at_death": 85
}
```

## Intellectual tradition

```json
{
    "id": "stoicism",
    "name": "Stoicism",
    "detail": "Roman Stoicism",
    "labels": [
        "Stoicism",
        "Roman Stoicism"
    ]
}
```

## Historical cutoff

```json
{
    "year": 135,
    "display": "135 CE",
    "reason": "Conservative upper bound for Epictetus' death, whose exact date is not known."
}
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 3,
    "passages": 179,
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr",
        "grc"
    ],
    "intellectual_exposures": 2,
    "typed_relationships": 2
}
```

## Attested thinker encounters

```json
[
    {
        "person_id": "musonius_rufus",
        "name": "Musonius Rufus",
        "relationship_type": "teacher",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "corpus.epictetus.discourses",
            "modern.sep.epictetus"
        ]
    },
    {
        "person_id": "arrian",
        "name": "Arrian",
        "relationship_type": "student_and_textual_carrier",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "corpus.epictetus.discourses"
        ]
    }
]
```

## Places

```json
[
    {
        "name": "Hierapolis",
        "period": "c. 50 CE",
        "description": "Birthplace in Phrygia.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Rome",
        "period": "youth-c. 93 CE",
        "description": "Enslavement, study with Musonius Rufus and early teaching.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Nicopolis",
        "period": "after c. 93 CE",
        "description": "School founded after Domitian's expulsion of philosophers.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/"
    }
]
```