{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-thinker-v1",
    "id": "jacques_ellul",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/jacques-ellul/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jacques Ellul",
    "editorial_status": "available",
    "summary": "A sociologist, jurist and Protestant thinker, Jacques Ellul studies technique as a self-reinforcing social system rather than a collection of neutral tools. He asks how propaganda, efficiency and political illusion narrow freedom, and where responsibility can still take hold.",
    "body": "Jacques Ellul died in Pessac on 19 May 1994.",
    "lifespan": {
        "display": "1912-1994",
        "era": "Contemporary era",
        "distance": "32–114 years ago",
        "age_at_death": 82
    },
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "modern-philosophy",
        "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
        "detail": "Sociology of technique, ethics and Christian thought",
        "labels": [
            "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
            "Sociology of technique, ethics and Christian thought"
        ]
    },
    "historical_cutoff": {
        "year": 1994,
        "display": "1994 CE",
        "reason": "Jacques Ellul died in Pessac on 19 May 1994."
    },
    "statistics": {
        "works": 2,
        "passages": 693,
        "languages": [
            "en",
            "fr"
        ],
        "intellectual_exposures": 2,
        "typed_relationships": 0
    },
    "attested_thinker_encounters": [],
    "places": [
        {
            "name": "Bordeaux",
            "period": "1912",
            "description": "Birthplace and university setting.",
            "confidence": "B",
            "source_url": "https://ellul.org/life/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Martres",
            "period": "1940-1944",
            "description": "Farming, teaching and Resistance activity during the occupation.",
            "confidence": "B",
            "source_url": "https://ellul.org/life/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Pessac",
            "period": "later life-1994",
            "description": "Home, filmed-interview setting and place of death.",
            "confidence": "B",
            "source_url": "https://ellul.org/life/"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "a27af9f4f84b5e8cf9de28fcda8ee2bcc60116b3af23a16648f9b22eefb0731e"
}