# Musonius Rufus

- Id: `musonius_rufus`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/musonius-rufus/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `available`
- Content checksum: `f2e0ec9174760aafeee5bebd5a1b9098656c1a067c63ba52bd75adee234213b9`

## Summary

A Roman Stoic teacher, Musonius Rufus brought philosophy back to daily work, courage, and actual conduct.

## Overview

Conservative upper bound within the uncertain ancient chronology of Musonius Rufus' death.

## Lifespan

```json
{
    "display": "c. 30–c. 101 CE",
    "era": "Hellenistic and Roman era",
    "distance": "about 1,925–1,996 years ago",
    "age_at_death": 71
}
```

## Intellectual tradition

```json
{
    "id": "stoicism",
    "name": "Stoicism",
    "detail": "Roman Stoicism",
    "labels": [
        "Stoicism",
        "Roman Stoicism"
    ]
}
```

## Historical cutoff

```json
{
    "year": 101,
    "display": "101 CE",
    "reason": "Conservative upper bound within the uncertain ancient chronology of Musonius Rufus' death."
}
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 2,
    "passages": 53,
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr",
        "grc",
        "lat"
    ],
    "intellectual_exposures": 2,
    "typed_relationships": 1
}
```

## Attested thinker encounters

```json
[
    {
        "person_id": "epictetus",
        "name": "Epictetus",
        "relationship_type": "student",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "corpus.musonius.fragments"
        ]
    }
]
```

## Places

```json
[
    {
        "name": "Volsinii",
        "period": "c. 30 CE",
        "description": "Traditional Etrurian birthplace.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/musonius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Rome",
        "period": "1st century CE",
        "description": "Teaching and political-philosophical activity.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/musonius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Gyaros",
        "period": "c. 65-68 CE",
        "description": "Harsh island exile under Nero.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/musonius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Asia Minor",
        "period": "c. 60 CE",
        "description": "He followed Rubellius Plautus into exile in Asia Minor; the precise location is not secure.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/musonius/"
    }
]
```