# Arthur Schopenhauer

- Id: `schopenhauer`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/schopenhauer/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `available`
- Content checksum: `df74cd7fa8dabf3a96241e29d601507e92c140bf75495b0c81f4f92a9ea43265`

## Summary

Schopenhauer distinguishes the world as representation from the blind striving he calls will. From that tension he explains suffering, grounds morality in compassion and looks to art and ascetic practice for rare suspensions of desire.

## Overview

Schopenhauer died in Frankfurt on 21 September 1860.

## Lifespan

```json
{
    "display": "1788-1860",
    "era": "Long nineteenth century",
    "distance": "166–238 years ago",
    "age_at_death": 72
}
```

## Intellectual tradition

```json
{
    "id": "modern-philosophy",
    "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
    "detail": "German philosophy and philosophical pessimism",
    "labels": [
        "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
        "German philosophy and philosophical pessimism"
    ]
}
```

## Historical cutoff

```json
{
    "year": 1860,
    "display": "1860 CE",
    "reason": "Schopenhauer died in Frankfurt on 21 September 1860."
}
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 6,
    "passages": 383,
    "languages": [
        "de",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "intellectual_exposures": 2,
    "typed_relationships": 0
}
```

## Places

```json
[
    {
        "name": "Danzig",
        "period": "1788",
        "description": "Birthplace on 22 February 1788.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Göttingen",
        "period": "1809-1811",
        "description": "University studies in philosophy and science.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Berlin",
        "period": "1811-1813",
        "description": "Further university study before the Jena dissertation.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Jena",
        "period": "1813",
        "description": "The Fourfold Root dissertation was submitted to Jena.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Frankfurt am Main",
        "period": "1833-1860",
        "description": "Long-term residence, later writing and place of death.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Hamburg",
        "period": "1793-1807, intermittently",
        "description": "Family residence, private schooling and later commercial apprenticeship.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Le Havre",
        "period": "1797-1799",
        "description": "Two-year stay with the Grégoire de Blésimaire family to learn French.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Weimar",
        "period": "1807 and 1813-1814",
        "description": "Preparation for university study and later intellectual exchanges around his mother’s salon and Goethe.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Rudolstadt",
        "period": "1813",
        "description": "Retreat during the war to write the dissertation later submitted at Jena.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Dresden",
        "period": "1814-1818 and 1819",
        "description": "Residence while completing The World as Will and Representation, with a return after the first Italian journey.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Mannheim",
        "period": "1832-1833",
        "description": "One-year residence before the final move to Frankfurt.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://www.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/archive/schopenhauer_vita.html"
    }
]
```