{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-thinker-v1",
    "id": "spinoza",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/spinoza/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Baruch Spinoza",
    "editorial_status": "available",
    "summary": "A Dutch philosopher of the seventeenth century, Spinoza builds a geometrical ethics of causes, affects, freedom, and human flourishing.",
    "body": "Spinoza died on 21 February 1677.",
    "lifespan": {
        "display": "1632–1677",
        "era": "Early modern period",
        "distance": "349–394 years ago",
        "age_at_death": 45
    },
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "modern-philosophy",
        "name": "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
        "detail": "Early modern ethics",
        "labels": [
            "Modern and contemporary philosophy",
            "Early modern ethics"
        ]
    },
    "historical_cutoff": {
        "year": 1677,
        "display": "1677 CE",
        "reason": "Spinoza died on 21 February 1677."
    },
    "statistics": {
        "works": 8,
        "passages": 1314,
        "languages": [
            "en",
            "fr"
        ],
        "intellectual_exposures": 2,
        "typed_relationships": 0
    },
    "attested_thinker_encounters": [],
    "places": [
        {
            "name": "Amsterdam",
            "period": "1632-1660",
            "description": "Birth, education and excommunication.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Rijnsburg",
            "period": "1661-1663",
            "description": "Residence and philosophical work.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Voorburg",
            "period": "1663-1670",
            "description": "Residence during composition and publication.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/"
        },
        {
            "name": "The Hague",
            "period": "1670-1677",
            "description": "Final residence, correspondence and death.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Ouderkerk aan de Amstel",
            "period": "c. 1660",
            "description": "A short stay after leaving Amsterdam is reported by the Spinoza House biographical network.",
            "confidence": "B",
            "source_url": "https://www.spinozadenhaag.nl/wie-was-spinoza/"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "5a48267e51f868a00a8a9d2bb2ada8345f204f722b6430b059a912be91ae0a1f"
}