# Zeno of Citium

- Id: `zeno`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/en/thinkers/zeno/`
- Language: `en`
- Editorial status: `available`
- Content checksum: `2aaecc07183b747fe4ee926a756c6ee6b2b1e022a2218f171356fdb99db57743`

## Summary

Founder of the Stoa reconstructed from 251 source-critical carrier pages, with no lost work treated as surviving autobiography.

## Overview

Zeno died around 262 BCE; the date and almost all surviving evidence are approximate or posthumous.

## Lifespan

```json
{
    "display": "c. 334–c. 262 BCE",
    "era": "Hellenistic and Roman era",
    "distance": "about 2,287 years ago",
    "age_at_death": null
}
```

## Intellectual tradition

```json
{
    "id": "stoicism",
    "name": "Stoicism",
    "detail": "Founder of Stoicism",
    "labels": [
        "Stoicism",
        "Founder of Stoicism"
    ]
}
```

## Historical cutoff

```json
{
    "year": -260,
    "display": "260 BCE",
    "reason": "Zeno died around 262 BCE; the date and almost all surviving evidence are approximate or posthumous."
}
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 2,
    "passages": 251,
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr",
        "grc"
    ],
    "intellectual_exposures": 2,
    "typed_relationships": 2
}
```

## Places

```json
[
    {
        "name": "Citium",
        "period": "c. 334 BCE",
        "description": "Birthplace in Cyprus.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stoicism/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Athens",
        "period": "c. 312-262 BCE",
        "description": "Philosophical formation and foundation of the Stoa.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stoicism/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Piraeus",
        "period": "traditional arrival",
        "description": "Diogenes Laertius' later biography connects Zeno's arrival with a shipwreck and the Athenian port.",
        "confidence": "D",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stoicism/"
    }
]
```