{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_authored",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/abraham-lincoln/lincoln-authored-papers/reference-mal0150800/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Abraham Lincoln Papers: Lincoln-Authored Documents",
    "author": "Abraham Lincoln",
    "date": "1833-1865",
    "summary": "Letters, speeches, proclamations, and notes follow Lincoln from Illinois politics through the Civil War. They show his language of Union, slavery, emancipation, executive power, and reconciliation taking shape under pressure.",
    "learning": "Trace how a political decision moves from draft to public order, and distinguish moral argument, constitutional authority, and military necessity.",
    "long_summary": "The writings attributed to Lincoln mix public address with administrative decision: private letters, speeches, notes, proclamations, and orders show a political leader adjusting arguments to changing audiences and constraints. The crisis of Union and the Civil War give these texts their immediate pressure.\n\nSlavery, emancipation, war powers, and reconciliation do not form an abstract system here. They emerge through decisions, hesitations, and revised formulations. Attribution remains archival: it identifies responsibility for a document without claiming that every line was physically written in Lincoln’s hand.",
    "historical_context": "The documents span the rise of an Illinois lawyer, the secession crisis, four years of civil war, and the legal destruction of slavery. Telegrams, speeches, orders, and drafts show executive power exercised under pressure, with decisions revised through contact with Congress, the military, and public opinion.",
    "material_world_label": "Industrial world of the 19th century",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Steam, coal, factories, steel, machine tools, railways, and telegraphy concentrate unprecedented mechanical power.",
        "science": "Laboratories, journals, precision instruments, and professional institutions accelerate physics, chemistry, geology, and life science.",
        "medicine": "Anaesthesia, germ theory, vaccination, and antisepsis gradually transform care, with sharp inequalities of access.",
        "transport": "Rail and steamship shrink distances; horses, walking, and carriages remain ordinary in town and country.",
        "agriculture": "Machinery, fertilizers, breeding, and rail transport expand output and markets without eliminating manual labour or food crises.",
        "communication": "Telegraphy, mass newspapers, photography, post, and the emerging telephone speed news and business.",
        "clothing": "Dark suits, shirts, and hats dominate bourgeois menswear; long dresses, corsets, and layers shape women’s fashion, with more functional working clothes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/24-1876-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Steam, coal, factories, steel, machine tools, railways, and telegraphy concentrate unprecedented mechanical power. Laboratories, journals, precision instruments, and professional institutions accelerate physics, chemistry, geology, and life science. Anaesthesia, germ theory, vaccination, and antisepsis gradually transform care, with sharp inequalities of access."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/24-1876-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Rail and steamship shrink distances; horses, walking, and carriages remain ordinary in town and country. Telegraphy, mass newspapers, photography, post, and the emerging telephone speed news and business."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/24-1876-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Machinery, fertilizers, breeding, and rail transport expand output and markets without eliminating manual labour or food crises."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/24-1876-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Dark suits, shirts, and hats dominate bourgeois menswear; long dresses, corsets, and layers shape women’s fashion, with more functional working clothes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "political-thought",
        "label": "Political thought and democracy"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "modern",
        "label": "Modern era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_attribution_partition",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/abraham_lincoln/papers_authored/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 982,
            "role": "archival_transcription",
            "sha256": "63463c543fac6ee567e989219d99a2fe3df152997ade1f61970d8de8bf66b41f",
            "source_id": "loc-abraham-lincoln-papers-complementary-datasets-2025"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/abraham_lincoln/papers_authored/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 982,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "513406f7addfb9b2078bf76fef6341ef3b473f65cdd7f40b424c561c6c7a1ef0",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "civil_war",
            "label": "Civil war"
        },
        {
            "id": "constitutional_government",
            "label": "Constitutional government"
        },
        {
            "id": "democracy",
            "label": "Democracy"
        },
        {
            "id": "emancipation",
            "label": "Emancipation"
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field"
        },
        {
            "id": "executive_power",
            "label": "Executive power"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "judgment",
            "label": "Judgment"
        },
        {
            "id": "law",
            "label": "Law"
        },
        {
            "id": "political_equality",
            "label": "Political equality"
        },
        {
            "id": "political_union",
            "label": "Political union"
        },
        {
            "id": "reconciliation",
            "label": "Reconciliation"
        },
        {
            "id": "slavery",
            "label": "Slavery"
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time"
        },
        {
            "id": "war_and_peace",
            "label": "War and peace"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "abraham_lincoln.papers_authored"
    ],
    "passages": 982,
    "word_count": 326103,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 326103,
        "fr": 337343
    },
    "editorial_status": "curated_semantic_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "loc-abraham-lincoln-papers-item-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "archive_item",
                "label_fr": "Document d’archive",
                "label_en": "Archive item"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Document",
        "leaf_en": "Document"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:abraham_lincoln.papers_authored:mal0150800",
    "canonical_ref": "mal0150800",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Abraham Lincoln, Notes on Illinois Election Laws, [October 1858]\n\n1 One must agree with the editors of the Collected Works that these notes were assembled to assist the editors of the Republican Illinois State Journal. The day before the election, November 1, 1858, that paper published an editorial in which these references of Lincoln's to Norman H. Purple's Statutes were quoted. See Collected Works, III, 326n.\n\nConcern about non-resident Democratic voters was strong among Republicans in the 1858 election, and finding the means to deal with them was critical.\n\nIt is made a question whether, under our laws, a person offering to vote, and being challenged, and having taken the oath prescribed by the act of 1849, is then absolutely entitled to vote, or whether his oath may be disproven, and his vote thereon lawfully rejected—\n\nIn Purple's Statutes, Vol. 1. all our existing election laws are brought together commencing on page 514 and extending to page 532— They consist of acts and parts of acts passed at different times—\n\nThe true way of reading so much of the law as applies to the above question, is to first read (64) Sec. X—, including the form of the oath, on page 528— Then turn back and read (19) Sec. XIX on page 518—\n\nIf it be said that the Section last mentioned is not now in force, turn forward to (75) Sec. XXI, on page 530, where it is expressly declared to be in force—\n\nThe result is that when a person has taken the oath, his oath may still be proved to be false, and his vote thereupon rejected— It may be proved to be false by cross examinining the proper voter himself, or by any other person, or competent evidence testimony, known to the general law of Evidence\n\nOn page 532 is an extract of a Supreme Court decision on the very Sec. 19 — on page 518, in which, among other things, the Court says:\n\n“If such person takes the oath prescribed by law, the Judges must receive his vote, unless the oath be proved false. Something of a definition of residence is also therein given",
            "edition": "Library of Congress Abraham Lincoln Papers transcription dataset",
            "source_id": "loc-lincoln-knox-2025-12-10"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Abraham Lincoln, Notes sur les lois électorales de l'Illinois, [octobre 1858]\n\n1 Il faut convenir avec les éditeurs des Collected Works que ces notes furent réunies pour aider les rédacteurs du journal républicain Illinois State Journal. La veille de l'élection, le 1er novembre 1858, ce journal publia un éditorial où étaient citées ces références de Lincoln aux Statutes de Norman H. Purple. Voir Collected Works, III, 326n.\n\nLa présence d'électeurs démocrates non résidents préoccupait vivement les républicains lors de l'élection de 1858, et il était crucial de trouver le moyen de s'occuper d'eux.\n\nLa question se pose de savoir si, selon nos lois, une personne qui se présente pour voter, dont le droit est contesté et qui prête le serment prescrit par la loi de 1849 a dès lors un droit absolu de voter, ou si la fausseté de son serment peut être prouvée et son vote légalement rejeté pour ce motif.\n\nDans les Statutes de Purple, vol. 1, toutes nos lois électorales existantes sont réunies, de la page 514 à la page 532. Elles se composent de lois et de parties de lois adoptées à différentes époques.\n\nLa bonne manière de lire la partie de la loi qui s'applique à la question ci-dessus consiste à lire d'abord (64), section X, y compris la formule du serment, à la page 528. Revenez ensuite en arrière et lisez (19), section XIX, à la page 518.\n\nSi l'on dit que la section mentionnée en dernier lieu n'est plus en vigueur, avancez jusqu'à (75), section XXI, à la page 530, où il est expressément déclaré qu'elle est en vigueur.\n\nIl en résulte que, lorsqu'une personne a prêté serment, il demeure possible de prouver que son serment est faux et de rejeter alors son vote. Sa fausseté peut être établie par le contre-interrogatoire de l'électeur concerné lui-même, par toute autre personne ou par tout témoignage probant recevable selon le droit commun de la preuve.\n\nÀ la page 532 figure un extrait d'une décision de la Cour suprême portant précisément sur la section 19, page 518, dans laquelle la Cour dit entre autres choses :\n\n« Si cette personne prête le serment prescrit par la loi, les juges doivent recevoir son vote, à moins que la fausseté du serment ne soit prouvée. » On y donne également quelque définition de la résidence",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
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}