{ "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1", "id": "aristotle.rhetoric", "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/aristotle/rhetoric/reference-3-10-5/", "language": "en", "title": "Rhetoric", "author": "Aristotle", "date": "4th century BCE; early core and later revisions disputed", "summary": "Rhetoric proceeds through distinctions, objections, and causal inquiry. The surviving text has the density of a school treatise, not a transcribed conversation.", "learning": "Separate argument, presented character, and elicited emotion, then ask which proof actually decides the case and which audience makes it persuasive.", "long_summary": "Canonical identity follows the CTS book and section. The critical Greek, historical English translation, and AI-generated French translation remain three aligned manifestations.\n\nAristotle distinguishes proofs drawn from argument, the speaker's character, and the audience's dispositions. The analysis explains how persuasion works; it does not make every effective persuasion just.", "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.", "material_world_label": "World of 1989", "material_world": { "technology": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.", "science": "Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.", "medicine": "CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.", "transport": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.", "agriculture": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.", "communication": "Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.", "clothing": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes." }, "material_world_scenes": [ { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-01.webp", "title": "Technology, science, and care", "description": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits." }, { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-02.webp", "title": "Travel and communication", "description": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic." }, { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-03.webp", "title": "Farming and food", "description": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs." }, { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-04.webp", "title": "Clothing, women and men", "description": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes." } ], "intellectual_tradition": { "id": "greek-roman-traditions", "label": "Greek and Roman traditions" }, "period": { "id": "ancient", "label": "Antiquity" }, "languages": [ "grc", "en", "fr" ], "manifestations": [ { "coverage": "complete", "file": "data/corpus/normalized/aristotle/rhetoric/representations/grc.ndjson", "language": "grc", "records": 882, "role": "complete_aligned_treatise", "sha256": "4275727bdb19fb4497625bcf5c4544213b74cdb4076785401c722e0eb168b301", "source_id": "perseus-grc" }, { "coverage": "complete", "file": "data/corpus/normalized/aristotle/rhetoric/representations/en.ndjson", "language": "en", "records": 882, "role": "complete_aligned_treatise", "sha256": "a88aaaafcfdac399c5cfc3162c2735567d7f3e7fa513eb06fc65227a0e45b5a1", "source_id": "perseus-en" }, { "coverage": "complete", "file": "data/corpus/normalized/aristotle/rhetoric/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson", "generated_on": "2026-09-20", "language": "fr", "model": "gpt-5.6-sol", "official_status": "non_official", "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1", "provider": "codex_subscription", "records": 882, "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official", "sha256": "ef1b31a0d70f615ee6f4e8bc30b43bf705a7b9cead3b00899c79059e0d3218ca", "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1", "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation" } ], "concepts": [ { "id": "anger", "label": "Anger" }, { "id": "fear", "label": "Fear" }, { "id": "justice", "label": "Justice" }, { "id": "peace", "label": "Peace" }, { "id": "reason", "label": "Reason" }, { "id": "rhetoric", "label": "Rhetoric" }, { "id": "war_and_peace", "label": "War and peace" } ], "source_work_ids": [ "aristotle.rhetoric" ], "passages": 882, "word_count": 64263, "word_counts_by_language": { "en": 64263, "fr": 65390, "grc": 43447 }, "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1", "structure": { "citation_scheme": "book-section-v1", "kind": "native", "levels": [ { "key": "book", "label_fr": "Livre", "label_en": "Book" }, { "key": "section", "label_fr": "Section", "label_en": "Section" } ], "leaf_fr": "Section", "leaf_en": "Section" }, "canonical_passage_id": "passage:aristotle.rhetoric:3.10.5", "canonical_ref": "3.10.5", "canonical_parent_ref": null, "canonical_parent_id": null, "representations": [ { "language": "grc", "text": "κατὰ μὲν οὖν τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ λεγομένου τὰ τοιαῦτα εὐδοκιμεῖ τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων, κατὰ δὲ τὴν λέξιν τῷ μὲν σχήματι, ἐὰν ἀντικειμένως λέγηται, οἷον καὶ τὴν τοῖς ἄλλοις κοινὴν εἰρήνην νομιζόντων τοῖς αὑτῶν ἰδίοις πόλεμον · ἀντίκειται πόλεμος εἰρήνῃ·", "source_id": "perseus-grc", "translation_type": "critical_original_language" }, { "language": "en", "text": "In regard to the meaning of what is said, then, such enthymemes are popular. As to style, popularity of form is due to antithetical statement; for instance, accounting the peace that all shared to be a war against their private interests, where war is opposed to peace ;", "translator": "J. H. Freese, 1926", "source_id": "perseus-en", "translation_type": "historical_translation" }, { "language": "fr", "text": "Pour ce qui est du sens de ce qui est dit, tels sont donc les enthymèmes appréciés. Quant au style, la forme plaît lorsqu’elle repose sur une expression antithétique. Par exemple : considérer la paix dont tous jouissaient comme une guerre faite à leurs intérêts particuliers, où la guerre s’oppose à la paix ;", "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol", "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-13", "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1", "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation", "official_status": "non_official", "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol" } ], "content_checksum": "43f47d246881e81c177cc296cb31852dd5b96100c7a3fa06ecb5deb1ef3043a4" }