{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "cicero.catilinarians",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/catilinarians/livre-2/passage-11/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Catilinarian Orations",
    "author": "Cicero",
    "date": "63 BCE",
    "summary": "Delivered during Catiline’s conspiracy, these four speeches accuse, mobilize, and justify the actions of the consul Cicero. They show eloquence turning a political threat into a public narrative of the Republic’s rescue.",
    "learning": "Analyze a public accusation, distinguish evidence from dramatization, and examine tensions among state security, civic law, and the speaker’s self-portrait.",
    "long_summary": "Cicero addresses Senate and people in turn to isolate Catiline, expose the conspirators, and defend measures taken against them. Apostrophe, questioning, and moral contrasts construct urgency as much as they describe it.\n\nThese speeches are political acts, not neutral records. Their staging of an enemy, their published form, and the punishment imposed on citizens require rhetorical effectiveness, legality, and the consul’s self-fashioned memory to be considered together.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "label": "Greek and Roman traditions"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "lat",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/catilinarians/representations/lat.ndjson",
            "language": "lat",
            "records": 115,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "bce47bd6422311bcb7f802ba14e0a97603179307a48672bd0602a53321a0c836",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-lat"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/catilinarians/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 115,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "20ff02e634e51fa65e796269eed741efc6c38f4248acaecd3ea13b697373faa3",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/catilinarians/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 115,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "8ff2f6636e989d4fbd3bd307c236214b3c773c1bb5a2606d3cae3a9ad2c57bf8",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_fr_28/representations/fr.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "e3ad7e9d5759aea83f885952d47bfec88f4062e658422790c5152a9e43899f87",
            "source_id": "wikisource-catilinarians"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_fr_28/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "112cb1c3aba7ac7ae9e4d72c02d7a68263388a16b4a287a1bab3f54e9b832129",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_07/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "a9815677724a258720486d5c8d5d19b881f2f1e497c0f623a8537ae4da2fa60b",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-en-carrier"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_07/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "3649f6989fd07f92a2f6168a9471b82382827d192e96c105899fa6dd9ee413b1",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "civic_duty",
            "label": "Civic duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "justice",
            "label": "Justice"
        },
        {
            "id": "li_ritual_propriety",
            "label": "Li, ritual propriety"
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason"
        },
        {
            "id": "rhetoric",
            "label": "Rhetoric"
        },
        {
            "id": "suffering",
            "label": "Suffering"
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time"
        },
        {
            "id": "war_and_peace",
            "label": "War and peace"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "cicero.catilinarians",
        "cicero.translation_carrier_fr_28",
        "cicero.translation_carrier_en_07"
    ],
    "passages": 115,
    "word_count": 22400,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 22400,
        "fr": 21003,
        "lat": 12699
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "cicero-work-hierarchy-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "hierarchical_ref",
                "label_fr": "Division",
                "label_en": "Division"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Passage",
        "leaf_en": "Passage"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:cicero.catilinarians:2.11",
    "canonical_ref": "2.11",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "lat",
            "text": "quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod et poenam iam diu improbitati, nequitiae, sceleri, libidini debitam aut instare iam plane aut certe appropinquare. quos si meus consulatus, quoniam sanare non potest, sustulerit, non breve nescio quod tempus sed multa saecula propagarit rei publicae. nulla enim est natio quam pertimescamus, nullus rex qui bellum populo Romano facere possit. omnia sunt externa unius virtute terra marique pacata: domesticum bellum manet, intus insidiae sunt , intus inclusum periculum est, intus est hostis. cum luxuria nobis, cum amentia, cum scelere certandum est. huic ego me bello ducem profiteor, Quirites; suscipio inimicitias hominum perditorum; quae sanari poterunt quacumque ratione sanabo, quae resecanda erunt non patiar ad perniciem civitatis manere . proinde aut exeant aut quiescant aut, si et in urbe et in eadem mente permanent, ea quae merentur exspectent.",
            "edition": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-lat",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-lat",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "I am confident that some fate hangs over them, and that the punishment long owed to their wickedness, worthlessness, crime, and lust either already plainly threatens or is certainly approaching. If my consulship removes these men, since it cannot cure them, it will prolong the republic not for some brief, uncertain period, but for many generations. There is no nation we need fear, no king able to make war on the Roman people. All foreign affairs have been pacified on land and sea by the courage of one man. Domestic war remains. The ambushes are within; the danger is enclosed within; the enemy is within. We must contend with extravagance, madness, and crime. I proclaim myself your leader in this war, citizens. I undertake the enmity of ruined men. Whatever can be cured I shall cure by any means possible. Whatever must be cut away I shall not allow to remain for the destruction of the state. Accordingly, let them either leave, keep quiet, or, if they remain both in the city and of the same mind, await what they deserve.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Je suis convaincu qu’un destin les menace et que le châtiment depuis longtemps dû à leur malhonnêteté, leur dépravation, leur crime et leur débauche est désormais imminent ou du moins s’approche certainement. Si mon consulat les supprime, puisqu’il ne peut les guérir, il aura prolongé la vie de la République non de quelque bref intervalle, mais de nombreux siècles. Il n’existe aucune nation que nous ayons à redouter, aucun roi capable de faire la guerre au peuple romain. Au-dehors, tout a été pacifié sur terre et sur mer par la valeur d’un seul homme. La guerre domestique demeure ; les embuscades sont à l’intérieur, le danger est enfermé à l’intérieur, l’ennemi est à l’intérieur. C’est contre le luxe, la démence et le crime que nous devons lutter. Dans cette guerre, Quirites, je me déclare votre chef ; j’assume l’inimitié des hommes perdus. Tout ce qui pourra être guéri, je le guérirai par quelque moyen que ce soit ; ce qui devra être retranché, je ne souffrirai pas que cela demeure pour la perte de la cité. Qu’ils sortent donc, ou qu’ils restent tranquilles ; ou, s’ils persistent à demeurer dans la ville et dans les mêmes dispositions, qu’ils attendent ce qu’ils méritent.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "c77a91d50f0f2cb8b3e712f246110c1acd1c453186e8e4eb319326dfc2a6a169"
}