{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "cicero.catilinarians",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/catilinarians/livre-4/passage-4/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Catilinarian Orations",
    "author": "Cicero",
    "date": "63 BCE",
    "summary": "Delivered during Catiline’s conspiracy, these four speeches accuse, mobilize, and justify the actions of the consul Cicero. They show eloquence turning a political threat into a public narrative of the Republic’s rescue.",
    "learning": "Analyze a public accusation, distinguish evidence from dramatization, and examine tensions among state security, civic law, and the speaker’s self-portrait.",
    "long_summary": "Cicero addresses Senate and people in turn to isolate Catiline, expose the conspirators, and defend measures taken against them. Apostrophe, questioning, and moral contrasts construct urgency as much as they describe it.\n\nThese speeches are political acts, not neutral records. Their staging of an enemy, their published form, and the punishment imposed on citizens require rhetorical effectiveness, legality, and the consul’s self-fashioned memory to be considered together.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "label": "Greek and Roman traditions"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "lat",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/catilinarians/representations/lat.ndjson",
            "language": "lat",
            "records": 115,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "bce47bd6422311bcb7f802ba14e0a97603179307a48672bd0602a53321a0c836",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-lat"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/catilinarians/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 115,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "20ff02e634e51fa65e796269eed741efc6c38f4248acaecd3ea13b697373faa3",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/catilinarians/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 115,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "8ff2f6636e989d4fbd3bd307c236214b3c773c1bb5a2606d3cae3a9ad2c57bf8",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_fr_28/representations/fr.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "e3ad7e9d5759aea83f885952d47bfec88f4062e658422790c5152a9e43899f87",
            "source_id": "wikisource-catilinarians"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_fr_28/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "112cb1c3aba7ac7ae9e4d72c02d7a68263388a16b4a287a1bab3f54e9b832129",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_07/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "a9815677724a258720486d5c8d5d19b881f2f1e497c0f623a8537ae4da2fa60b",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-en-carrier"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_07/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "3649f6989fd07f92a2f6168a9471b82382827d192e96c105899fa6dd9ee413b1",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "civic_duty",
            "label": "Civic duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "conatus",
            "label": "Conatus"
        },
        {
            "id": "judgment",
            "label": "Judgment"
        },
        {
            "id": "justice",
            "label": "Justice"
        },
        {
            "id": "rhetoric",
            "label": "Rhetoric"
        },
        {
            "id": "salvation",
            "label": "Salvation"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "cicero.catilinarians",
        "cicero.translation_carrier_fr_28",
        "cicero.translation_carrier_en_07"
    ],
    "passages": 115,
    "word_count": 22400,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 22400,
        "fr": 21003,
        "lat": 12699
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "cicero-work-hierarchy-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "hierarchical_ref",
                "label_fr": "Division",
                "label_en": "Division"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Passage",
        "leaf_en": "Passage"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:cicero.catilinarians:4.4",
    "canonical_ref": "4.4",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "lat",
            "text": "qua re, patres conscripti, incumbite ad salutem rei publicae, circumspicite omnis procellas quae impendent nisi providetis. non Ti. T iberius Gracchus quod iterum tribunus plebis fieri voluit, non C. G aius Gracchus quod agrarios concitare conatus est , non L. L ucius Saturninus quod C. G aium Memmium occidit, in discrimen aliquod atque in vestrae severitatis iudicium adducitur: tenentur ei qui ad urbis incendium, ad vestram omnium caedem, ad Catilinam accipiendum Romae restiterunt, tenentur litterae, signa, manus, denique unius cuiusque confessio: sollicitantur Allobroges, servitia excitantur, Catilina arcessitur, id est initum consilium ut interfectis omnibus nemo ne ad deplorandum quidem populi Romani nomen atque ad lamentandam tanti imperi calamitatem relinquatur.",
            "edition": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-lat",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-catilinarians-lat",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Therefore, conscript fathers, devote yourselves to the safety of the republic; look around at all the storms that hang over us unless you take precautions. It is not Tiberius Gracchus, because he wished to become tribune of the plebs a second time, nor Gaius Gracchus, because he tried to stir up the supporters of agrarian laws, nor Lucius Saturninus, because he killed Gaius Memmius, who is brought into peril and before the judgment of your severity. Those who remained at Rome to burn the city, slaughter all of you, and receive Catiline are in custody. Their letters, seals, handwriting, and, finally, each man's confession are in our possession. The Allobroges are solicited, the slaves are roused, Catiline is summoned. The plan adopted is that, once everyone has been killed, no one should remain even to mourn the name of the Roman people or lament the calamity of so great an empire.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "C'est pourquoi, pères conscrits, appliquez-vous au salut de la République ; considérez toutes les tempêtes qui nous menacent si vous n'y pourvoyez pas. Ce n'est pas Tiberius Gracchus, pour avoir voulu devenir une seconde fois tribun de la plèbe, ni Caius Gracchus, pour avoir tenté de soulever les partisans des lois agraires, ni Lucius Saturninus, pour avoir tué Caius Memmius, qui sont traduits devant vous pour courir quelque péril et subir le jugement de votre sévérité. Ceux que vous tenez sont les hommes qui sont restés à Rome pour incendier la ville, vous massacrer tous et accueillir Catilina. Vous tenez leurs lettres, leurs sceaux, leurs écritures, enfin les aveux de chacun d'eux. Les Allobroges sont sollicités, les esclaves sont soulevés, Catilina est appelé. Le dessein arrêté est qu'après le massacre de tous, personne ne demeure, pas même pour déplorer le nom du peuple romain et se lamenter sur le désastre d'un si grand empire.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "6dd41e9a1cf425792a04bbb83483a6ee38e5fb3c0abf6963f6a4827c72367414"
}