{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "cicero.philippics",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/philippics/livre-2/passage-68/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Philippics",
    "author": "Cicero",
    "date": "44-43 BCE",
    "summary": "In the Philippics, Cicero attacks Mark Antony and tries to rally the Senate to resistance after Caesar’s death. The speeches combine invective, constitutional argument, and alliance-building in a Republic already under threat.",
    "learning": "Trace the development of an oratorical campaign, distinguish invective from institutional argument, and assess Cicero’s choices of alliance.",
    "long_summary": "Across the speeches Cicero constructs Antony as a public enemy, interprets Caesar’s acts, and negotiates the place of Octavian, the consuls, and the armies. Repeated accusations serve a political campaign whose situation changes quickly.\n\nEloquence intervenes directly in conflict and exposes its author. The dossier requires information, hostile portraiture, and strategic proposal to be distinguished, then the gap between proclaimed defence of liberty and alliances needed for survival to be measured.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "label": "Greek and Roman traditions"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "lat",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/philippics/representations/lat.ndjson",
            "language": "lat",
            "records": 544,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "926b559adaa54b141948fc68ac63e703a521649c763622527f5f9a2522dd0fe3",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-philippics-lat"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/philippics/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 544,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "3b68e98a8905f014f7a2422b8c71b0710709e3825971ef9694be7e768a211fd6",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/philippics/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 544,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "f53a92c6473fccf05ffba8617603c64c4d71c8eeff247ed3c60bbe11abe50c10",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_08/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "1bb6d06478bd270f39fdd5fe7cdedc1546d97d0d177040e1ee1338a2454021cb",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-philippics-en-carrier"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_08/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "216b5ef1915a645953823a6140b92b2dc474505f92c61e672d07e0ee588bfc03",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "civic_duty",
            "label": "Civic duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "justice",
            "label": "Justice"
        },
        {
            "id": "rhetoric",
            "label": "Rhetoric"
        },
        {
            "id": "sin",
            "label": "Sin"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "cicero.philippics",
        "cicero.translation_carrier_en_08"
    ],
    "passages": 544,
    "word_count": 100289,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 100289,
        "fr": 90663,
        "lat": 52574
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "cicero-work-hierarchy-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "hierarchical_ref",
                "label_fr": "Division",
                "label_en": "Division"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Passage",
        "leaf_en": "Passage"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:cicero.philippics:2.68",
    "canonical_ref": "2.68",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "lat",
            "text": "O audaciam immanem! tu etiam ingredi illam domum ausus es, tu illud sanctissimum limen intrare, tu illarum aedium dis penatibus os impurissimum ostendere? quam domum aliquamdiu nemo aspicere poterat, nemo sine lacrimis praeterire, hac te in domo tam diu deversari non pudet? in qua, quamvis nihil sapias, tamen nihil tibi potest esse iucundum. an tu illa in vestibulo rostra cum aspexisti, domum tuam te introire putas ? fieri non potest. quamvis enim sine mente, sine sensu sis, ut es, tamen et te et tua et tuos nosti. nec vero te umquam neque vigilantem neque in somnis credo posse mente consistere. necesse est, quamvis sis, ut es, violentus et furens, cum tibi obiecta sit species singularis viri, perterritum te de somno excitari, furere etiam saepe vigilantem.",
            "edition": "perseus-cicero-philippics-lat",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-philippics-lat",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "O monstrous audacity! Did you even dare to enter that house, to cross that most sacred threshold, to show your most impure face to the household gods of that dwelling? For some time no one could look upon that house, no one could pass it without tears. Are you not ashamed to have lodged in it so long? In that house, however devoid of understanding you may be, nothing can give you pleasure. Or when you saw those beaks of ships in the entrance hall, did you think you were entering your own house? That is impossible. For although you are without mind and feeling, as you are, you still know yourself, your possessions, and your people. Nor do I believe that, awake or asleep, your mind can ever be at rest. However violent and frenzied you are, as indeed you are, whenever the image of that singular man confronts you, you must awaken terrified from sleep and often rage even while awake.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Ô monstrueuse audace! Tu as même osé entrer dans cette maison, franchir ce seuil si sacré, montrer aux dieux Pénates de cette demeure ton visage si impur? Naguère, personne ne pouvait regarder cette maison ni passer devant elle sans pleurer, et tu n’as pas honte d’y séjourner si longtemps? Là, si dépourvu d’intelligence que tu sois, rien pourtant ne peut t’être agréable. Lorsque tu regardes dans le vestibule ces rostres, crois-tu entrer chez toi? C’est impossible. Car, si dépourvu d’esprit et de sensibilité que tu sois, comme tu l’es, tu connais pourtant ta personne, tes biens et les tiens. Je ne crois pas que ton esprit puisse jamais connaître le repos, ni dans la veille ni dans le sommeil. Il faut nécessairement, si violent et furieux que tu sois, comme tu l’es, que l’image de cet homme incomparable, lorsqu’elle se présente à toi, t’arrache épouvanté au sommeil et te fasse souvent délirer même éveillé.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "9c8b16301dfadc3f0fbd0d7921791c7fcfcea0cc24e9706325e11d85e9d7de5d"
}