{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "cicero.philippics",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/cicero/philippics/livre-9/passage-13/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Philippics",
    "author": "Cicero",
    "date": "44-43 BCE",
    "summary": "In the Philippics, Cicero attacks Mark Antony and tries to rally the Senate to resistance after Caesar’s death. The speeches combine invective, constitutional argument, and alliance-building in a Republic already under threat.",
    "learning": "Trace the development of an oratorical campaign, distinguish invective from institutional argument, and assess Cicero’s choices of alliance.",
    "long_summary": "Across the speeches Cicero constructs Antony as a public enemy, interprets Caesar’s acts, and negotiates the place of Octavian, the consuls, and the armies. Repeated accusations serve a political campaign whose situation changes quickly.\n\nEloquence intervenes directly in conflict and exposes its author. The dossier requires information, hostile portraiture, and strategic proposal to be distinguished, then the gap between proclaimed defence of liberty and alliances needed for survival to be measured.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "label": "Greek and Roman traditions"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "lat",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/philippics/representations/lat.ndjson",
            "language": "lat",
            "records": 544,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "926b559adaa54b141948fc68ac63e703a521649c763622527f5f9a2522dd0fe3",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-philippics-lat"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/philippics/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 544,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "3b68e98a8905f014f7a2422b8c71b0710709e3825971ef9694be7e768a211fd6",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/philippics/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 544,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "f53a92c6473fccf05ffba8617603c64c4d71c8eeff247ed3c60bbe11abe50c10",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_08/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "1bb6d06478bd270f39fdd5fe7cdedc1546d97d0d177040e1ee1338a2454021cb",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-philippics-en-carrier"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/cicero/translation_carrier_en_08/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "216b5ef1915a645953823a6140b92b2dc474505f92c61e672d07e0ee588bfc03",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "civic_duty",
            "label": "Civic duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "death",
            "label": "Death"
        },
        {
            "id": "justice",
            "label": "Justice"
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason"
        },
        {
            "id": "rhetoric",
            "label": "Rhetoric"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "cicero.philippics",
        "cicero.translation_carrier_en_08"
    ],
    "passages": 544,
    "word_count": 100289,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 100289,
        "fr": 90663,
        "lat": 52574
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "cicero-work-hierarchy-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "hierarchical_ref",
                "label_fr": "Division",
                "label_en": "Division"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Passage",
        "leaf_en": "Passage"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:cicero.philippics:9.13",
    "canonical_ref": "9.13",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "lat",
            "text": "mihi autem recordanti Ser. Sulpici multos in nostra familiaritate sermones gratior illi videtur, si qui est sensus in morte, aenea statua futura et ea pedestris quam inaurata equestris, qualis L. Sullae primum statuta est. mirifice enim Servius maiorum continentiam diligebat, huius saeculi insolentiam vituperabat. Vt igitur si ipsum consulam quid velit, sic pedestrem ex aere statuam tamquam ex eius auctoritate et voluntate decerno: quae quidem magnum civium dolorem et desiderium honore monumenti minuet et leniet.",
            "edition": "perseus-cicero-philippics-lat",
            "source_id": "perseus-cicero-philippics-lat",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "When I recall the many conversations I had with Servius Sulpicius in the course of our friendship, I think that, if there is any consciousness in death, a bronze statue, and one on foot, will be more pleasing to him than a gilded equestrian statue of the kind first erected to Lucius Sulla. For Servius wonderfully admired the restraint of our ancestors and censured the extravagance of the present age. Therefore, just as if I had consulted him about what he wished, I propose, as though on his own authority and according to his will, a standing statue of bronze. Through the honor of this monument it will lessen and soothe the citizens' great grief and longing.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Lorsque je me rappelle les nombreux entretiens que j'eus avec Servius Sulpicius au cours de notre intimité, je crois que, s'il existe quelque sentiment après la mort, une statue de bronze et pédestre lui serait plus agréable qu'une statue équestre dorée, comme celle qui fut élevée la première à Lucius Sylla. Servius admirait merveilleusement la retenue de nos ancêtres et blâmait le faste de notre siècle. Ainsi, comme si je le consultais lui-même sur ce qu'il désire, je propose, conformément à son autorité et à sa volonté, une statue pédestre en bronze. L'honneur de ce monument diminuera et adoucira la profonde douleur et les regrets des citoyens.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "c98a25720a864de2b2da2d0824ce634d648f95279edb8da8d53bcc99ad8728d8"
}