{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "epictetus.enchiridion",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epictetus/enchiridion/reference-18/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Enchiridion of Epictetus",
    "author": "Epictetus",
    "date": "early 2nd century CE",
    "summary": "The Enchiridion condenses Epictetus’ teaching into rules of discernment and exercise. Its opening distinction is sharp: some things are up to us and others are not.",
    "learning": "Identify what belongs to judgement, prepare for impressions, and act without making one’s worth depend on the outcome.",
    "long_summary": "Arrian condenses parts of Epictetus’ teaching here. The text does not explain every argument; it supplies portable reminders meant for use in action. Its opening distinction then organizes relations to the body, reputation, loved ones, social roles, and death.\n\nThe reader learns not indifference but where effort belongs. An external event may require energetic action, yet it does not by itself determine the moral quality of that action. The Manual’s brevity makes it practical and risky: isolated maxims lose the qualifications developed in the Discourses.",
    "historical_context": "The Enchiridion takes shape in the early second century from Epictetus’ oral teaching recorded by Arrian. His school is at Nicopolis after Domitian’s expulsion of philosophers from Rome. The small book therefore preserves a taught practice, condensed to remain close at hand.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/epictetus/enchiridion/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 53,
            "role": "original_carrier",
            "sha256": "2a1981c4bcd8e645db3d372e77852f4076f136a739747622fb4d604286a6a5d4",
            "source_id": "perseus-schenkl-grc"
        },
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/epictetus/enchiridion/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 53,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "43c430625b538e28eefa8a044e64ca5fac21dfbfdb8d1a93c35a17bd43c088a7",
            "source_id": "gutenberg-long-1877"
        },
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/epictetus/enchiridion/representations/fr.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "records": 53,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "4c799263f289bf7d49735a10e46abffdcfcfa2d223dc646492a20e79998f8610",
            "source_id": "wikisource-guyau-1875"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "beneficence",
            "label": "Beneficence"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "impressions_and_assent",
            "label": "Impressions and assent"
        },
        {
            "id": "messiah",
            "label": "Messiah"
        },
        {
            "id": "poverty_wealth",
            "label": "Poverty and wealth"
        },
        {
            "id": "prohairesis",
            "label": "Moral choice"
        },
        {
            "id": "roles",
            "label": "Roles and relationships"
        },
        {
            "id": "wisdom",
            "label": "Wisdom"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "epictetus.enchiridion"
    ],
    "passages": 53,
    "word_count": 8138,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 8138,
        "fr": 7192,
        "grc": 4989
    },
    "editorial_status": "curated_semantic_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "epictetus-enchiridion-chapter-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "chapter",
                "label_fr": "Chapitre",
                "label_en": "Chapter"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Chapitre",
        "leaf_en": "Chapter"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:epictetus.enchiridion:18",
    "canonical_ref": "18",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "grc",
            "text": "κόραξ ὅταν μὴ αἴσιον κεκράγῃ, μὴ συναρπαζέτω σε ἡ φαντασία· ἀλλʼ εὐθὺς διαίρει παρὰ σεαυτῷ καὶ λέγε ὅτι τούτων ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν ἐπισημαίνεται, ἀλλʼ ἢ τῷ σωματίῳ μου ἢ τῷ κτησειδίῳ μου ἢ τῷ δοξαρίῳ μου ἢ τοῖς τέκνοις ἢ τῇ γυναικί. ἐμοὶ δὲ πάντα αἴσια σημαίνεται, ἐὰν ἐγὼ θέλω· ὅ τι γὰρ ἂν τούτων ἀποβαίνῃ, ἐπʼ ἐμοί ἐστιν ὠφεληθῆναι ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.",
            "edition": "Heinrich Schenkl, Epicteti dissertationes ab Arriano digestae (1916)",
            "source_id": "perseus-schenkl-grc",
            "translation_type": "original"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "When a raven has croaked inauspiciously, let not the appearance hurry you away with it; but straightway make a distinction in your mind and say, None of these things is signified to me, but either to my poor body, or to my small property, or to my reputation, or to my children, or to my wife: but to me all significations are auspicious if I choose. For whatever of these things results, it is in my power to derive benefit from it.",
            "translator": "George Long",
            "edition": "George Long, The Encheiridion (1877)",
            "source_id": "gutenberg-long-1877",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Quand le corbeau jette un croassement de mauvais augure, que l’imagination ne t’emporte point ; mais aussitôt, fais en toi-même une distinction et dis : rien ne me regarde dans ces présages, mais ils regardent ou mon chétif corps, ou mon petit bien, ou ma petite réputation, ou mes enfants, ou ma femme . Pour moi, tous présages sont heureux, si je le veux : car, quoi qu’il en arrive, il dépend de moi d’en tirer du bien.",
            "translator": "Jean-Marie Guyau",
            "edition": "Jean-Marie Guyau, Manuel d’Épictète (1875)",
            "source_id": "wikisource-guyau-1875",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "42d0f6c2ae8f0b35c9d1b5b3e3825a568c6784dab412d997bf7c9f0e50cbb5dc"
}