{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "epicurus.vatican_sayings",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/epicurus/vatican-sayings/reference-18/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Vatican Sayings",
    "author": "Epicurus",
    "date": "anthology formed between the 3rd and 1st centuries BCE",
    "summary": "Discovered in a Vatican manuscript, these sayings transmit maxims from Epicurus and his tradition on desire, friendship, gratitude, death, and self-sufficiency. The collection is a school anthology, not a work arranged by one author.",
    "learning": "Identify exercises contained in the sayings, compare their variants, and distinguish attribution to Epicurus, Garden tradition, and manuscript arrangement.",
    "long_summary": "The compact formulas make distinctions available in daily life. They recall that natural needs are limited, memory of benefits sustains pleasure, and friendship offers better security than indefinite accumulation.\n\nSeveral sayings overlap with other collections, while some are associated with disciples. Their manuscript proximity reveals a tradition of memorization and use. Attribution of each item must remain more exact than the collection’s convenient overall label.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Hellenistic Mediterranean, 4th-3rd centuries BCE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Siege engines, pulleys, presses, mills, and large ships extend mechanical capacity, still limited by muscle, water, and wind.",
        "science": "Scholarly centres develop geometry, mechanics, astronomy, and geography. Manuscripts are hand-copied and instruments remain scarce.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, herbalists, and midwives use plant remedies and limited surgery; infection and pain remain poorly controlled.",
        "transport": "Roads, caravans, and Mediterranean shipping move soldiers, merchants, and ideas across very long distances.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, wine, oil, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies through storage, estates, and maritime trade.",
        "communication": "Royal couriers, inscriptions, and manuscript rolls connect multilingual kingdoms. Public reading and memory remain decisive.",
        "clothing": "Draped tunics and cloaks predominate; dyed cloth, jewellery, and hairstyles distinguish gender, occupation, city, and wealth."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/04-334-bce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Siege engines, pulleys, presses, mills, and large ships extend mechanical capacity, still limited by muscle, water, and wind. Scholarly centres develop geometry, mechanics, astronomy, and geography. Manuscripts are hand-copied and instruments remain scarce. Physicians, herbalists, and midwives use plant remedies and limited surgery; infection and pain remain poorly controlled."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/04-334-bce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Roads, caravans, and Mediterranean shipping move soldiers, merchants, and ideas across very long distances. Royal couriers, inscriptions, and manuscript rolls connect multilingual kingdoms. Public reading and memory remain decisive."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/04-334-bce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, wine, oil, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies through storage, estates, and maritime trade."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/04-334-bce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Draped tunics and cloaks predominate; dyed cloth, jewellery, and hairstyles distinguish gender, occupation, city, and wealth."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "epicureanism",
        "label": "Epicureanism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "grc",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/epicurus/vatican_sayings/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 61,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "66d7d6f97d179125f0cd93de18ca6824aac152d4b93d2e1deccde2c44bd54fab",
            "source_id": "vatican-sayings-open"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/epicurus/vatican_sayings/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 61,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "dee8731535a0b057dc70fc22d5c2228761ae6f08c18d25839077c105963a8f4f",
            "source_id": "vatican-sayings-open"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/epicurus/vatican_sayings/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 61,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "9bcf172da5584735c7025f07031b17f8830b8e814737c14cd4581321cae4ed06",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field"
        },
        {
            "id": "friendship",
            "label": "Friendship"
        },
        {
            "id": "love",
            "label": "Love"
        },
        {
            "id": "philosophical_eros",
            "label": "Philosophical eros"
        },
        {
            "id": "pleasure",
            "label": "Pleasure"
        },
        {
            "id": "prudent_choice",
            "label": "Prudent choice of pleasures"
        },
        {
            "id": "simple_sufficiency",
            "label": "Simple sufficiency"
        },
        {
            "id": "suffering",
            "label": "Suffering"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "epicurus.vatican_sayings"
    ],
    "passages": 61,
    "word_count": 1507,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 1507,
        "fr": 1589,
        "grc": 1072
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "epicurean-work-reference-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "reference",
                "label_fr": "Référence",
                "label_en": "Reference"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Fragment ou passage",
        "leaf_en": "Fragment or passage"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:epicurus.vatican_sayings:18",
    "canonical_ref": "18",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "The passion of love disappears without the opportunity to see each other and talk and be together.",
            "translator": "Peter Saint-Andre",
            "edition": "vatican-sayings-open",
            "source_id": "vatican-sayings-open",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "grc",
            "text": "ἀφαιρουμένης προσόψεως καὶ ὁμιλίας καὶ συναναστροφῆς ἐκλύεται τὸ ἐρωτικὸν πάθος.",
            "translator": "Peter Saint-Andre",
            "edition": "vatican-sayings-open",
            "source_id": "vatican-sayings-open",
            "translation_type": "original"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "La passion amoureuse disparaît sans la possibilité de se voir, de se parler et d’être ensemble.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "dae61c0a2f70f697d69536a79f5d9e77b9bf194bda1afeb5be0d0a57dad71e1e"
}