{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "freud.der_witz",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/der-witz/reference-section-0010/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious",
    "author": "Sigmund Freud",
    "date": "1905",
    "summary": "Freud analyzes how condensation, double meaning, displacement, and savings in inhibition give a joke its form and pleasure. Verbal technique and the joke’s social tendency must be examined together.",
    "learning": "Recognize techniques of joke-work and connect their effects to a tendency without confusing analysis with approval.",
    "long_summary": "The book compares jokes, the comic, and humor by examining their devices rather than compiling witty sayings. The same mechanism may serve an attack, expose a forbidden thought, or yield the pleasure of play.\n\nIts examples also carry the prejudices and social conflicts of their time. Their presence requires context, not repetition as persona performance. The book’s value lies in the relation among linguistic form, psychical expenditure, and motive, not in moral approval of every anecdote.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "World of 1989",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.",
        "science": "Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.",
        "medicine": "CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.",
        "transport": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.",
        "agriculture": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.",
        "communication": "Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.",
        "clothing": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "psychology",
        "label": "Psychology and psychoanalysis"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "contemporary",
        "label": "Contemporary era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "de",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/freud/der_witz/representations/de.ndjson",
            "language": "de",
            "records": 224,
            "role": "complete_author_body",
            "sha256": "01186cfb8b915792c10f5663ac8d9b885d450154c6420288e114773ecb703d9c",
            "source_id": "project-gutenberg-76423"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/freud/der_witz/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-14",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 224,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "557e776348cd169823507cf67ec287a6b24c120167ae6e2d7ca319ed6e1b4015",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/freud/der_witz/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-14",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 224,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "a7b671fed16bfeec7ab4f2f671ca2e893ef38dbcd5de62a2d1d6025738c8ea22",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "dream_work",
            "label": "Dream-work"
        },
        {
            "id": "genealogy_of_values",
            "label": "Genealogy of values"
        },
        {
            "id": "joke_work",
            "label": "Joke-work"
        },
        {
            "id": "pleasure_principle",
            "label": "Pleasure principle"
        },
        {
            "id": "psychic_determinism",
            "label": "Psychic determinism"
        },
        {
            "id": "repetition_compulsion",
            "label": "Repetition compulsion"
        },
        {
            "id": "repression",
            "label": "Repression"
        },
        {
            "id": "unconscious_conflict",
            "label": "Unconscious conflict"
        },
        {
            "id": "war_and_peace",
            "label": "War and peace"
        },
        {
            "id": "wish_fulfilment",
            "label": "Wish-fulfilment"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "freud.der_witz"
    ],
    "passages": 224,
    "word_count": 81188,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "de": 74738,
        "en": 81188,
        "fr": 83418
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "source-section-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "section",
                "label_fr": "Section",
                "label_en": "Section"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Section",
        "leaf_en": "Section"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:freud.der_witz:section-0010",
    "canonical_ref": "section-0010",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "de",
            "text": "Aber doch nicht ganz ohne einen Ersatz, aus dem man sie rekonstruieren kann. Es hat auch noch eine zweite Abänderung stattgefunden. Das Wort „ familiär “ im witzlosen Ausdruck des Gedankens ist im Text des Witzes zu „ famillionär “ umgewandelt worden, und ohne Zweifel hängt gerade an diesem Wortgebilde der Witzcharakter und der Lacheffekt des Witzes. Das neugebildete Wort deckt sich in seinem Anfang mit dem „familiär“ des ersten, in seinen auslautenden Silben mit dem „Millionär“ des zweiten Satzes, es vertritt gleichsam den einen Bestandteil „Millionär“ aus dem zweiten Satze, infolgedessen den ganzen zweiten Satz, und setzt uns auf diese Weise in den Stand, den im Text des Witzes ausgelassenen zweiten Satz zu erraten. Es ist als ein Mischgebilde aus den zwei Komponenten „familiär“ und „Millionär“ zu beschreiben, und man wäre versucht, sich seine Entstehung aus diesen beiden Worten graphisch zu veranschaulichen. [5]\n\nF A M I L I Ä R M I L I O N Ä R —————————— F A M I L I O N Ä R\n\n[S. 11]\n\nDen Vorgang aber, welcher den Gedanken in den Witz übergeführt hat, kann man sich in folgender Weise darstellen, die zunächst recht phantastisch erscheinen mag, aber nichtsdestoweniger genau das wirklich vorhandene Ergebnis liefert:\n\n„R. behandelte mich ganz familiär, d. h. soweit ein Millionär es zu stande bringt.“\n\nNun denke man sich eine zusammendrängende Kraft auf diese Sätze einwirken und nehme an, daß der Nachsatz aus irgend einem Grunde der weniger resistente sei. Dieser wird dann zum Schwinden gebracht werden, der bedeutsame Bestandteil desselben, das Wort „Millionär“, welches sich gegen die Unterdrückung zu sträuben vermag, wird gleichsam an den ersten Satz angepreßt, mit dem ihm so sehr ähnlichen Element dieses Satzes „familiär“ verschmolzen, und gerade diese zufällig gegebene Möglichkeit, das Wesentliche des zweiten Satzes zu retten, wird den Untergang der anderen unwichtigeren Bestandteile begünstigen. So entsteht dann der Witz:\n\n„R. behandelte mich ganz famili on är.“ / \\ (mili) (är)",
            "source_id": "project-gutenberg-76423",
            "translation_type": "original_language"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "But not entirely without a substitute from which it can be reconstructed. A second alteration has also taken place. The word “familiarly” in the witless expression of the thought has been transformed in the text of the witticism into “famillionairely,” and there is no doubt that the character of wit and the witticism’s effect of provoking laughter adhere precisely to this verbal construction. At its beginning, the newly formed word coincides with the “familiarly” of the first sentence, and in its final syllables with the “millionaire” of the second sentence; it represents, as it were, the component “millionaire” from the second sentence and consequently the entire second sentence, and in this way enables us to guess the second sentence omitted from the text of the witticism. It may be described as a composite formation from the two components “familiarly” and “millionaire,” and one might be tempted to illustrate graphically how it arose from these two words. [5]\n\nF A M I L I A R L Y M I L L I O N A I R E\n──────────────────────────────\nF A M I L L I O N A I R E L Y\n\n[p. 11]\n\nThe process that transformed the thought into the witticism may, however, be represented in the following manner, which may at first appear quite fantastic but nevertheless yields precisely the result actually before us:\n\n“R. treated me quite familiarly, that is, insofar as a millionaire can manage it.”\n\nNow imagine a compressing force acting upon these sentences, and suppose that for some reason the subordinate clause is the less resistant one. It will then be made to disappear; its significant component, the word “millionaire,” which is able to resist suppression, is, as it were, pressed against the first sentence and fused with the closely resembling element “familiarly” in that sentence; and precisely this possibility, fortuitously provided, of saving what is essential in the second sentence will favor the destruction of its other, less important components. Thus the witticism arises:\n\n“R. treated me quite famil lion airely.” / \\\n(milli) (arly)",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-14",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Elle n’a toutefois pas entièrement disparu sans laisser un substitut à partir duquel on puisse la reconstruire. Une seconde modification s’est encore produite. Le mot « familiär » dans l’expression dépourvue d’esprit de la pensée a été transformé, dans le texte du mot d’esprit, en « famillionär » ; nul doute que ce soit précisément à cette formation lexicale que tiennent le caractère spirituel et l’effet risible du mot d’esprit. Le mot nouvellement formé coïncide, à son début, avec le « familiär » de la première phrase et, dans ses syllabes finales, avec le « Millionär » de la seconde ; il représente en quelque sorte le constituant « Millionär » de la seconde phrase et, par conséquent, la seconde phrase tout entière, et nous met ainsi en mesure de deviner la seconde phrase omise dans le texte du mot d’esprit. Il faut le décrire comme une formation mixte composée des deux éléments « familiär » et « Millionär », et l’on serait tenté de représenter graphiquement sa formation à partir de ces deux mots. [5]\n\nF A M I L I Ä R M I L L I O N Ä R\n\nF A M I L L I O N Ä R\n\n[p. 11]\n\nQuant au processus qui a transformé la pensée en mot d’esprit, on peut se le représenter de la manière suivante, qui pourra d’abord paraître fort fantastique, mais qui fournit néanmoins exactement le résultat réellement présent :\n\n« R. me traitait en toute familiarité, c’est-à-dire autant qu’un millionnaire en est capable. »\n\nImaginons maintenant qu’une force de compression agisse sur ces phrases, et supposons que, pour une raison quelconque, la proposition consécutive soit la moins résistante. Elle sera alors amenée à disparaître ; son constituant significatif, le mot « Millionär », qui parvient à résister à la suppression, sera pour ainsi dire pressé contre la première phrase, puis fusionné avec l’élément très semblable de cette phrase, « familiär » ; et c’est précisément cette possibilité fortuite de sauver l’essentiel de la seconde phrase qui favorisera la disparition de ses autres constituants, moins importants. Ainsi naît le mot d’esprit :\n\n« R. me traitait tout à fait familli on nairement. » / \\\n(milli) (är)",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-14",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "1c17be07cf5ed0520301fe71ab13df1c4193d394ecfdb27140c3aef454006e22"
}