{ "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1", "id": "freud.drei_abhandlungen", "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/freud/drei-abhandlungen/reference-section-0031/", "language": "en", "title": "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality", "author": "Sigmund Freud", "date": "1905", "summary": "Freud reconstructs sexual development as a history of partial drives, changing objects, and successive organizations. The text belongs to a dated clinical theory whose terminology and generalizations require critical context.", "learning": "Track revisions in Freud’s sexual theory and distinguish historical analysis, dated terminology, and contemporary clinical judgment.", "long_summary": "The three essays move sexuality beyond a model restricted to adult reproduction and address variation, infantile development, and transformations of puberty. Successive editions substantially revised the text, so it cannot be treated as an unchanging doctrine.\n\nReaders also encounter historically situated medical terminology and classifications. They must not be used to label a user or pathologize an orientation. The text illuminates the history of a theory; it supplies neither a contemporary verdict nor a total explanation of human conduct.", "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.", "material_world_label": "World of 1989", "material_world": { "technology": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.", "science": "Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.", "medicine": "CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.", "transport": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.", "agriculture": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.", "communication": "Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.", "clothing": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes." }, "material_world_scenes": [ { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-01.webp", "title": "Technology, science, and care", "description": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits." }, { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-02.webp", "title": "Travel and communication", "description": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic." }, { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-03.webp", "title": "Farming and food", "description": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs." }, { "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-04.webp", "title": "Clothing, women and men", "description": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes." } ], "intellectual_tradition": { "id": "psychology", "label": "Psychology and psychoanalysis" }, "period": { "id": "contemporary", "label": "Contemporary era" }, "languages": [ "de", "en", "fr" ], "manifestations": [ { "coverage": "complete", "file": "data/corpus/normalized/freud/drei_abhandlungen/representations/de.ndjson", "language": "de", "records": 109, "role": "complete_author_body", "sha256": "f421406ad326b7c9c9a3d64a3ea4abd51f89e648bfea36f7fb60586f7226deb4", "source_id": "project-gutenberg-39938" }, { "coverage": "complete", "file": "data/corpus/normalized/freud/drei_abhandlungen/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson", "generated_on": "2026-09-14", "language": "en", "model": "gpt-5.6-sol", "official_status": "non_official", "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1", "provider": "codex_subscription", "records": 109, "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official", "sha256": "e3f27d4f6d44f58d526ebc3de90cb13e253a1fd4605584b0b7b0e4b91739cfa0", "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1", "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation" }, { "coverage": "complete", "file": "data/corpus/normalized/freud/drei_abhandlungen/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson", "generated_on": "2026-09-14", "language": "fr", "model": "gpt-5.6-sol", "official_status": "non_official", "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1", "provider": "codex_subscription", "records": 109, "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official", "sha256": "30b51026fc6aa3993d3275083a90f728437422216af0c3a7db4c806237004b74", "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1", "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation" } ], "concepts": [ { "id": "care_of_soul", "label": "Care of the soul" }, { "id": "dream_work", "label": "Dream-work" }, { "id": "family", "label": "Family" }, { "id": "joke_work", "label": "Joke-work" }, { "id": "pleasure_principle", "label": "Pleasure principle" }, { "id": "psychic_determinism", "label": "Psychic determinism" }, { "id": "repetition_compulsion", "label": "Repetition compulsion" }, { "id": "repression", "label": "Repression" }, { "id": "sin", "label": "Sin" }, { "id": "unconscious_conflict", "label": "Unconscious conflict" }, { "id": "war_and_peace", "label": "War and peace" }, { "id": "wisdom", "label": "Wisdom" }, { "id": "wish_fulfilment", "label": "Wish-fulfilment" } ], "source_work_ids": [ "freud.drei_abhandlungen" ], "passages": 109, "word_count": 35693, "word_counts_by_language": { "de": 31974, "en": 35693, "fr": 36701 }, "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1", "structure": { "citation_scheme": "source-section-v1", "kind": "native", "levels": [ { "key": "section", "label_fr": "Section", "label_en": "Section" } ], "leaf_fr": "Section", "leaf_en": "Section" }, "canonical_passage_id": "passage:freud.drei_abhandlungen:section-0031", "canonical_ref": "section-0031", "canonical_parent_ref": null, "canonical_parent_id": null, "representations": [ { "language": "de", "text": "Verweis auf den Infantilismus der Sexualität.\n\nDurch den Nachweis der perversen Regungen als Symptombildner bei den Psychoneurosen haben wir die Anzahl der Menschen, die man den Perversen zurechnen könnte, in ganz außerordentlicher Weise gesteigert. Nicht nur, daß die Neurotiker selbst eine sehr zahlreiche Menschenklasse darstellen, es ist auch in Betracht zu ziehen, daß die Neurosen von allen ihren Ausbildungen her in lückenlosen Reihen zur Gesundheit abklingen; hat doch Moebius mit guter Berechtigung sagen können: Wir sind alle ein wenig hysterisch. Somit werden wir durch die außerordentliche Verbreitung der Perversionen zu der Annahme gedrängt, daß auch die Anlage zu den Perversionen keine seltene Besonderheit, sondern ein Stück der für normal geltenden Konstitution sein müsse.\n\nWir haben gehört, daß es strittig ist, ob die Perversionen auf angeborene Bedingungen zurückgehen oder durch zufällige Erlebnisse entstehen, wie es Binet für den Fetischismus angenommen hat. Nun bietet sich uns die Entscheidung, daß den Perversionen allerdings etwas Angeborenes zugrunde liegt, aber etwas, was allen Menschen angeboren ist, als Anlage in seiner Intensität schwanken mag und der Hervorhebung durch Lebenseinflüsse wartet. Es handelt sich um angeborene, in der Konstitution gegebene Wurzeln des Sexualtriebes, die sich in der einen Reihe von Fällen zu den wirklichen Trägern der Sexualtätigkeit entwickeln (Perverse), andere Male eine ungenügende Unterdrückung (Verdrängung) erfahren, so daß sie auf einem Umweg als Krankheitssymptome einen beträchtlichen Teil der sexuellen Energie an sich ziehen können, während sie in den günstigsten Fällen zwischen beiden Extremen durch wirksame Einschränkung und sonstige Verarbeitung das sogenannte normale Sexualleben entstehen lassen.\n\nWir werden uns aber ferner sagen, daß die angenommene Konstitution, welche die Keime zu allen Perversionen aufweist, nur beim Kinde aufzeigbar sein wird, wenngleich bei ihm alle Triebe nur in bescheidenen Intensitäten auftreten können. Ahnt uns so die Formel, daß die Neurotiker den infantilen Zustand ihrer Sexualität beibehalten haben oder auf ihn zurückversetzt worden sind, so wird sich unser Interesse dem Sexualleben des Kindes zuwenden, und wir werden das Spiel der Einflüsse verfolgen wollen, die den Entwicklungsprozeß der kindlichen Sexualität bis zum Ausgang in Perversion, Neurose oder normales Geschlechtsleben beherrschen.", "source_id": "project-gutenberg-39938", "translation_type": "original_language" }, { "language": "en", "text": "Reference to the Infantilism of Sexuality.\n\nBy demonstrating that perverse impulses act as symptom-formers in the psychoneuroses, we have increased quite extraordinarily the number of people who might be counted among the perverse. It is not only that neurotics themselves constitute a very numerous class of people; we must also take into account that, in all their forms, the neuroses shade off into health in an unbroken series. Moebius was therefore fully justified in saying: We are all a little hysterical. Thus the extraordinary prevalence of the perversions presses us toward the assumption that the disposition to perversions is likewise no rare peculiarity, but must be a part of the constitution regarded as normal.\n\nWe have heard that it is disputed whether perversions go back to innate conditions or arise through accidental experiences, as Binet assumed in the case of fetishism. We are now offered the conclusion that something innate does indeed underlie the perversions, but something innate in all human beings, which as a disposition may vary in intensity and awaits accentuation by the influences of life. What is at issue are innate roots of the sexual drive, given in the constitution, which in one series of cases develop into the actual bearers of sexual activity (the perverse); at other times they undergo insufficient suppression (repression), so that by a circuitous route, as symptoms of illness, they can draw to themselves a considerable portion of sexual energy; while in the most favorable cases, between these two extremes, through effective restriction and other forms of working-over, they give rise to what is called normal sexual life.\n\nWe shall, however, also tell ourselves that the constitution we have assumed, which contains the germs of all perversions, will be demonstrable only in the child, even though all the drives may appear in the child only at modest intensities. If this suggests to us the formula that neurotics have retained the infantile state of their sexuality or have been returned to it, our interest will turn to the sexual life of the child, and we shall seek to trace the interplay of influences governing the developmental process of childhood sexuality until its outcome in perversion, neurosis, or normal sexual life.", "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol", "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-14", "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1", "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation", "official_status": "non_official", "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol" }, { "language": "fr", "text": "Renvoi à l’infantilisme de la sexualité.\n\nEn démontrant que les motions perverses participent à la formation des symptômes dans les psychonévroses, nous avons accru de façon tout à fait extraordinaire le nombre des personnes que l’on pourrait ranger parmi les pervers. Non seulement les névrosés eux-mêmes constituent une classe humaine très nombreuse, mais il faut encore considérer que les névroses, dans toutes leurs formes, s’atténuent en séries continues jusqu’à se confondre avec la santé. Moebius a donc pu dire avec juste raison : nous sommes tous un peu hystériques. Ainsi, l’extraordinaire diffusion des perversions nous pousse à admettre que la prédisposition aux perversions, elle aussi, n’est pas une particularité rare, mais doit constituer une part de la constitution tenue pour normale.\n\nNous avons entendu dire que la question est controversée de savoir si les perversions remontent à des conditions innées ou résultent d’expériences fortuites, comme Binet l’a supposé pour le fétichisme. Une conclusion s’offre maintenant à nous : les perversions ont bien pour fondement quelque chose d’inné, mais quelque chose qui est inné chez tous les êtres humains, qui, à titre de prédisposition, peut varier en intensité et attend d’être mis en relief par les influences de la vie. Il s’agit de racines innées de la pulsion sexuelle, données dans la constitution, qui, dans une série de cas, deviennent les véritables supports de l’activité sexuelle (les pervers), tandis que, dans d’autres, elles subissent une suppression (un refoulement) insuffisante, de sorte qu’elles peuvent, par une voie détournée et sous forme de symptômes pathologiques, attirer à elles une part considérable de l’énergie sexuelle. Dans les cas les plus favorables, enfin, entre ces deux extrêmes, elles font naître, grâce à une limitation efficace et à d’autres formes d’élaboration, ce que l’on appelle la vie sexuelle normale.\n\nMais nous nous dirons en outre que la constitution supposée, qui présente les germes de toutes les perversions, ne pourra être mise en évidence que chez l’enfant, même si toutes les pulsions ne peuvent apparaître chez lui qu’avec une intensité modeste. Si nous pressentons ainsi la formule selon laquelle les névrosés ont conservé l’état infantile de leur sexualité ou y ont été ramenés, notre intérêt se tournera vers la vie sexuelle de l’enfant, et nous voudrons suivre le jeu des influences qui gouvernent le processus de développement de la sexualité infantile jusqu’à son aboutissement dans la perversion, la névrose ou la vie sexuelle normale.", "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol", "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-14", "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1", "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation", "official_status": "non_official", "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol" } ], "content_checksum": "8f5d232dec0e3fe3902b1dc6541795ad3e3bb9201d788431978bc95638aaa85b" }