{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-work-v1",
    "id": "bible.gospels",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/gospel-traditions/the-four-gospels/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "The Four Gospels",
    "author": "Gospel traditions",
    "date": "c. 65-100 CE, depending on the Gospel",
    "summary": "Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John narrate Jesus’ activity and teaching, the conflicts leading to his death, and the resurrection proclaimed by his followers. Read together, they reveal a shared outline and four distinct literary and theological portraits.",
    "learning": "Compare the narrative choices of the four Gospels, notice agreements and divergences, then distinguish reported sayings of Jesus from the way each tradition organizes and interprets his story.",
    "long_summary": "The canonical Gospels follow a recognizable outline: Jesus’ public activity, teaching, encounters, controversies, journey to Jerusalem, Passion, and proclaimed resurrection. Matthew, Mark, and Luke share many episodes; John adopts a more distinct composition and language.\n\nComparison reveals choices of pace, order, and theological emphasis. A parable, healing, or saying may move or change form, while some episodes occur in only one account. These differences are not details to smooth away: they show how each tradition transmits and interprets the figure of Jesus for its audience.",
    "historical_context": "The Gospels take shape in the first century within a Jewish world under Roman rule, across Galilee, Judaea, and communities of the eastern Mediterranean. The destruction of the Temple in 70 CE, oral circulation of stories, and the needs of distinct communities help explain their differences. The images situate this shared setting without claiming to show the exact composition scene of any one text.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "christianity",
        "label": "Christianity"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr",
        "la"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "edition": "World English Bible, Catholic book order (2020)",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/jesus/john/representations/en-eng-web-c.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "notes_file": "data/corpus/normalized/jesus/john/annotations/en-eng-web-c-footnotes.ndjson",
            "notes_records": 46,
            "publication_year": 2020,
            "raw_source_path": "data/corpus/raw/ebible/en/jesus/world-english-bible-catholic-2020/snapshot/73-JHNeng-web-c.usfm",
            "raw_source_sha256": "55a76555f0592823d538eaab6132f3c3530930030ff42c917f93aec40e0da505",
            "records": 21,
            "source_id": "ebible-eng-web-c",
            "translator": "World English Bible editorial project"
        },
        {
            "edition": "Sainte Bible neo-Crampon Libre (2022)",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/jesus/john/representations/fr-francl.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "notes_file": "data/corpus/normalized/jesus/john/annotations/fr-francl-footnotes.ndjson",
            "notes_records": 215,
            "publication_year": 2022,
            "raw_source_path": "data/corpus/raw/ebible/fr/jesus/neo-crampon-libre-2022/snapshot/73-JHNfrancl.usfm",
            "raw_source_sha256": "e5b9280aad7a5d13a40f48557a8e28d894fd74f0ce0faab31403cb35dab9a054",
            "records": 21,
            "source_id": "ebible-francl",
            "translator": "Fraternite de Tiberiade"
        },
        {
            "edition": "Biblia Vulgata Clementina (1598), Migne witness (1880)",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/jesus/john/representations/la-lat-vuc.ndjson",
            "language": "la",
            "notes_file": "data/corpus/normalized/jesus/john/annotations/la-lat-vuc-footnotes.ndjson",
            "notes_records": 527,
            "publication_year": 1880,
            "raw_source_path": "data/corpus/raw/ebible/la/jesus/vulgata-clementina-1598-migne-1880/snapshot/73-JHNlatVUC.usfm",
            "raw_source_sha256": "ba71a1d50f5c3e345fecb60a0ef451320c7cb22b15dc8bedb3190a865713a337",
            "records": 21,
            "source_id": "ebible-lat-vuc",
            "translator": null
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul",
            "count": 89
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family",
            "count": 89
        },
        {
            "id": "roles",
            "label": "Roles and relationships",
            "count": 89
        },
        {
            "id": "discipleship",
            "label": "Discipleship",
            "count": 86
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God",
            "count": 86
        },
        {
            "id": "messiah",
            "label": "Messiah",
            "count": 81
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field",
            "count": 80
        },
        {
            "id": "anger",
            "label": "Anger",
            "count": 78
        },
        {
            "id": "law",
            "label": "Law",
            "count": 77
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time",
            "count": 74
        },
        {
            "id": "sin",
            "label": "Sin",
            "count": 74
        },
        {
            "id": "kingdom_of_god",
            "label": "Kingdom of God",
            "count": 69
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "jesus.matthew",
        "jesus.mark",
        "jesus.luke",
        "jesus.john"
    ],
    "passages": 89,
    "word_count": 83949,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 83949,
        "fr": 82678,
        "la": 62804
    },
    "editorial_status": "curated_semantic_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "bible-collection-book-chapter-verse-v1",
        "kind": "collection",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "book",
                "label_fr": "Livre biblique",
                "label_en": "Biblical book"
            },
            {
                "key": "chapter",
                "label_fr": "Chapitre",
                "label_en": "Chapter"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Chapitre",
        "leaf_en": "Chapter",
        "subreference": {
            "key": "verse",
            "label_fr": "Verset",
            "label_en": "Verse"
        }
    },
    "content_checksum": "c603f2450fc56ab3fe8df9d3bb774cc421b4c9fc16cd24a3bbccb9121223c023"
}