{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-work-v1",
    "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
    "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
    "date": "1738-1739",
    "summary": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz subjects Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man to philosophical and theological criticism. Elizabeth Carter’s English translation carries his debate about providence, freedom, evil, and cosmic order without making her the original author.",
    "learning": "Reconstruct the criticism of Pope’s optimism, distinguish poetic image from philosophical proposition, and attribute argument, translation, and target text separately.",
    "long_summary": "Crousaz examines Pope’s poetic formulas as propositions capable of being true, ambiguous, or dangerous. He refuses to let universal harmony, the scale of beings, or human limitation excuse evil or weaken freedom and responsibility.\n\nThe move from verse to argumentative prose creates a central tension: a powerful image is not yet an exact distinction. Carter translates the controversy for English readers and contributes to its circulation, but the structure and doctrinal commitments of the refutation belong to Crousaz.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "18th-century Europe",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization.",
        "science": "Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable.",
        "medicine": "Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered.",
        "transport": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow.",
        "agriculture": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual.",
        "communication": "Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks.",
        "clothing": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization. Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable. Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow. Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "modern",
        "label": "Modern era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_acquired_ocr",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "translated_or_edited_carrier",
            "sha256": "8994a2a8a1e48f057420b33435b5f34117e727977c427d94debc07b4e4f1d73d"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "592e8865d5eafec50cc8de436efc8917acd16d0cbf109a2bc6757bd2dbf19bd2",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "editorial_responsibility",
            "label": "Editorial responsibility",
            "count": 157
        },
        {
            "id": "translation_as_interpretation",
            "label": "Translation as interpretation",
            "count": 157
        },
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul",
            "count": 86
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God",
            "count": 79
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature",
            "count": 55
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time",
            "count": 53
        },
        {
            "id": "virtue",
            "label": "Virtue",
            "count": 39
        },
        {
            "id": "knowledge",
            "label": "Knowledge",
            "count": 38
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field",
            "count": 38
        },
        {
            "id": "war_and_peace",
            "label": "War and peace",
            "count": 33
        },
        {
            "id": "faith",
            "label": "Faith",
            "count": 32
        },
        {
            "id": "death",
            "label": "Death",
            "count": 31
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz"
    ],
    "passages": 157,
    "word_count": 42668,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 42668,
        "fr": 39095
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "edition-local-editorial-carrier-unit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "unit",
                "label_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
                "label_en": "Editorial unit"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
        "leaf_en": "Editorial unit"
    },
    "content_checksum": "052a8bc60f9ea1158905c16a299784d8e339710b65a4b3f35262492519a6e501"
}