{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/reference-12/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
    "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
    "date": "1738-1739",
    "summary": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz subjects Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man to philosophical and theological criticism. Elizabeth Carter’s English translation carries his debate about providence, freedom, evil, and cosmic order without making her the original author.",
    "learning": "Reconstruct the criticism of Pope’s optimism, distinguish poetic image from philosophical proposition, and attribute argument, translation, and target text separately.",
    "long_summary": "Crousaz examines Pope’s poetic formulas as propositions capable of being true, ambiguous, or dangerous. He refuses to let universal harmony, the scale of beings, or human limitation excuse evil or weaken freedom and responsibility.\n\nThe move from verse to argumentative prose creates a central tension: a powerful image is not yet an exact distinction. Carter translates the controversy for English readers and contributes to its circulation, but the structure and doctrinal commitments of the refutation belong to Crousaz.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "18th-century Europe",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization.",
        "science": "Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable.",
        "medicine": "Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered.",
        "transport": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow.",
        "agriculture": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual.",
        "communication": "Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks.",
        "clothing": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization. Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable. Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow. Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "modern",
        "label": "Modern era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_acquired_ocr",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "translated_or_edited_carrier",
            "sha256": "8994a2a8a1e48f057420b33435b5f34117e727977c427d94debc07b4e4f1d73d"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "592e8865d5eafec50cc8de436efc8917acd16d0cbf109a2bc6757bd2dbf19bd2",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "death",
            "label": "Death"
        },
        {
            "id": "duty",
            "label": "Duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "editorial_responsibility",
            "label": "Editorial responsibility"
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God"
        },
        {
            "id": "human_wisdom",
            "label": "Human wisdom"
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature"
        },
        {
            "id": "service",
            "label": "Service"
        },
        {
            "id": "translation_as_interpretation",
            "label": "Translation as interpretation"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz"
    ],
    "passages": 157,
    "word_count": 42668,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 42668,
        "fr": 39095
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "edition-local-editorial-carrier-unit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "unit",
                "label_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
                "label_en": "Editorial unit"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
        "leaf_en": "Editorial unit"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz:12",
    "canonical_ref": "12",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Mr P o p e'j mr^y on Man. 1 1 comes to pafs that the Satellites of Jupiter are lefs than the great Planet towhofe Ufes they are aflign'd •, it was not neceflary for him to have them larger, and the Bignsfs of our Moon is fufEcient for us] Oaks are much larger than the Shrubs that grow at their Feet, and their Fruits are of a different Ufe from that of thofe Shrubs. jinimals ftand in Need of this Abundance, and the Timber of Oak is of great Service to us in our Edifices and Ships. Mr Pope (I repeat it) has not undertook to give us a compleac Syftem of human Nature. His Intention was not to extricate us from our Ignorance, but to mortify our Pride. And left we fhould be miftaken here, and bound his Ideas of Man too much, he infinuates from the Beginning, that Man comprehends much more than he defigns to mention, v. 6, 7 A Wild where Weeds and Flowers promifcuous Jhoot He hints by this at the Contradiftlons which are found to be included in Man. Several Authors have difcourfed very wife 12 Ex AMINATIOi^ of ly and judicioufly upon our Excellencies and Defeds, and 'tis inconteftable, that we are obliged by our Duty to the Neceffity of ftudying ourfelves either in one or other of thefe Lights A Man who can be fatisfied to be ignorant of the Value of thofe Talents which God has given him, does not elevate his Mind inThankfgiving, but paiTes his Life in a voluntary and criminal Ingratitude: On the other hand, a Man who does not make a proper Animadverfion upon his \"Weaknefs, may eafily prefume too much on his Strength, and not be circumfpea: enough in his Study of himfelf and other Obje(5ls. But Mr Fope has not entered into an Engagement of exhaufting his Subject. He was not obliged to it, he confin'd himfelf to a Poem in which he unfolds only Part of Man",
            "source_id": "examinationofmrp00crouuoft",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation_or_editorial_carrier"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "L’Essai sur l’homme de M. Pope. 11\n\nse fait que les satellites de Jupiter sont plus petits que la grande planète aux usages de laquelle ils sont assignés. Il n’était pas nécessaire qu’ils fussent plus grands, et la grandeur de notre Lune nous suffit. Les chênes sont beaucoup plus grands que les arbustes qui croissent à leurs pieds, et leurs fruits ont un usage différent de celui de ces arbustes. Les animaux ont besoin de cette abondance, et le bois de chêne nous rend de grands services dans nos édifices et nos navires. M. Pope, je le répète, n’a pas entrepris de nous donner un système complet de la nature humaine. Son intention n’était pas de nous tirer de notre ignorance, mais de mortifier notre orgueil. Et de peur que nous ne nous méprenions ici et ne bornions trop ses idées sur l’homme, il insinue dès le commencement que l’homme comprend beaucoup plus qu’il ne se propose de mentionner, v. 6, 7 :\n\nUn désert où herbes et fleurs poussent confusément.\n\nIl indique par là les contradictions qui se trouvent comprises dans l’homme. Plusieurs auteurs ont discouru avec beaucoup de sagesse et de jugement sur nos excellences et nos défauts, et il est incontestable que notre devoir nous impose la nécessité de nous étudier sous l’un ou l’autre de ces aspects. Un homme qui peut se satisfaire d’ignorer la valeur des talents que Dieu lui a donnés n’élève pas son esprit dans l’action de grâces, mais passe sa vie dans une ingratitude volontaire et criminelle. D’autre part, un homme qui ne fait pas une juste observation de sa faiblesse peut aisément trop présumer de sa force et manquer de circonspection dans l’étude de lui-même et des autres objets. Mais M. Pope ne s’est pas engagé à épuiser son sujet. Il n’y était pas obligé. Il s’est borné à un poème dans lequel il ne dévoile qu’une partie de l’homme.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "c58d0a2575e1db899ab4f79ab5ef859916e9ac67d8c7a934879c8d7d177d7ec4"
}