{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/reference-38/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
    "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
    "date": "1738-1739",
    "summary": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz subjects Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man to philosophical and theological criticism. Elizabeth Carter’s English translation carries his debate about providence, freedom, evil, and cosmic order without making her the original author.",
    "learning": "Reconstruct the criticism of Pope’s optimism, distinguish poetic image from philosophical proposition, and attribute argument, translation, and target text separately.",
    "long_summary": "Crousaz examines Pope’s poetic formulas as propositions capable of being true, ambiguous, or dangerous. He refuses to let universal harmony, the scale of beings, or human limitation excuse evil or weaken freedom and responsibility.\n\nThe move from verse to argumentative prose creates a central tension: a powerful image is not yet an exact distinction. Carter translates the controversy for English readers and contributes to its circulation, but the structure and doctrinal commitments of the refutation belong to Crousaz.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "18th-century Europe",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization.",
        "science": "Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable.",
        "medicine": "Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered.",
        "transport": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow.",
        "agriculture": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual.",
        "communication": "Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks.",
        "clothing": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization. Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable. Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow. Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "modern",
        "label": "Modern era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_acquired_ocr",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "translated_or_edited_carrier",
            "sha256": "8994a2a8a1e48f057420b33435b5f34117e727977c427d94debc07b4e4f1d73d"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "592e8865d5eafec50cc8de436efc8917acd16d0cbf109a2bc6757bd2dbf19bd2",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "editorial_responsibility",
            "label": "Editorial responsibility"
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field"
        },
        {
            "id": "faith",
            "label": "Faith"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "love",
            "label": "Love"
        },
        {
            "id": "non_assertoric_appearance",
            "label": "Non-assertoric appearance report"
        },
        {
            "id": "roles",
            "label": "Roles and relationships"
        },
        {
            "id": "spirit",
            "label": "Spirit"
        },
        {
            "id": "translation_as_interpretation",
            "label": "Translation as interpretation"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz"
    ],
    "passages": 157,
    "word_count": 42668,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 42668,
        "fr": 39095
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "edition-local-editorial-carrier-unit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "unit",
                "label_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
                "label_en": "Editorial unit"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
        "leaf_en": "Editorial unit"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz:38",
    "canonical_ref": "38",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "But will thofe be fo eafily excufed, who have not been feduced by Self-love ? aiid who, without a clofe Examination, adopt another's Offspring, and, deform 'd as -it is, embrace it v/ith all the Tenderriefs and Zeal of real Fathers, and at laft prefent it to others that they may equally admire it? As for thofe, whom Self-love does not feduce in favour of their own Ideas, 'tis a ftrange V/eaknefs to fuffer them felves to be dazzled by Syitems that have dazzled their Authors. The Spirit of Party is one of the great Caufes of this •, one muft have been Witnefs of its Effeds, and nearly examined them to believe theni:- Another Source of this flows from tl>e- F Spine JO Examination <?f Spirit of Contradi(5lion. There are People who are pleafed with nothing more than Difputes, they give themfelves entirely up to them, whenever they are To happy as to find Opportunities. Many Interefls unite themfelves with this hateful Temper -, Intereft of Families, Intereft of Communities, Intereft of Countries, Rivalfhip in Reputation, Competition in Employment j and in all thefe refpedls the Spirit of Party finds itfelf fupported by Vanity^ It is not eafy to acquire a Reputation by inventing a new Syftem. *Tis the Work of a diftinguifh'd Genius, an induftrious Mind, and of a Capacity to unite all its Parts, and give to each of them an Air of Probability : Befides, in order that the Syftem may not vanifti as foon as it appears, it is neceflary for its Author to be in certain Circumftances that give him a Luftre. But a Genius, which has nothing uncommon, flatters himfelf that he fhall come in for fome Share of Glory with a celebrated and original Author, if he is one of the firft to declare for him. He comprehended, at firft View, what",
            "source_id": "examinationofmrp00crouuoft",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation_or_editorial_carrier"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Mais excusera-t-on aussi facilement ceux qui n’ont pas été séduits par l’amour-propre ? Ceux qui, sans examen approfondi, adoptent la progéniture d’autrui et, toute difforme qu’elle est, l’embrassent avec toute la tendresse et tout le zèle de véritables pères, puis la présentent enfin aux autres afin qu’ils l’admirent également ? Quant à ceux que l’amour-propre ne séduit pas en faveur de leurs propres idées, c’est une étrange faiblesse que de se laisser éblouir par des systèmes qui ont ébloui leurs auteurs. L’esprit de parti est l’une des grandes causes de cela. Il faut avoir été témoin de ses effets et les avoir examinés de près pour les croire.\n\nUne autre source de cette faiblesse découle de l’esprit de contradiction. Il existe des personnes à qui rien ne plaît davantage que les disputes. Elles s’y livrent tout entières dès qu’elles ont le bonheur d’en trouver l’occasion. Beaucoup d’intérêts s’unissent à cette disposition odieuse : intérêt des familles, intérêt des communautés, intérêt des pays, rivalité de réputation, concurrence pour les emplois. Sous tous ces rapports, l’esprit de parti se trouve soutenu par la vanité.\n\nIl n’est pas aisé d’acquérir une réputation en inventant un nouveau système. C’est l’ouvrage d’un génie distingué, d’un esprit industrieux et d’une capacité à unir toutes ses parties et à donner à chacune un air de probabilité. En outre, pour que le système ne s’évanouisse pas aussitôt qu’il paraît, il faut que son auteur se trouve dans certaines circonstances qui lui donnent de l’éclat. Mais un génie qui n’a rien d’extraordinaire se flatte d’obtenir quelque part de la gloire avec un auteur célèbre et original s’il est l’un des premiers à se déclarer pour lui. Il a compris au premier coup d’œil ce",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "afd78670c8ef74f95ebad4d5a6530f65dd2ba7b888964ca8c805eb24735a310a"
}