{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/reference-49/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
    "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
    "date": "1738-1739",
    "summary": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz subjects Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man to philosophical and theological criticism. Elizabeth Carter’s English translation carries his debate about providence, freedom, evil, and cosmic order without making her the original author.",
    "learning": "Reconstruct the criticism of Pope’s optimism, distinguish poetic image from philosophical proposition, and attribute argument, translation, and target text separately.",
    "long_summary": "Crousaz examines Pope’s poetic formulas as propositions capable of being true, ambiguous, or dangerous. He refuses to let universal harmony, the scale of beings, or human limitation excuse evil or weaken freedom and responsibility.\n\nThe move from verse to argumentative prose creates a central tension: a powerful image is not yet an exact distinction. Carter translates the controversy for English readers and contributes to its circulation, but the structure and doctrinal commitments of the refutation belong to Crousaz.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "18th-century Europe",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization.",
        "science": "Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable.",
        "medicine": "Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered.",
        "transport": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow.",
        "agriculture": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual.",
        "communication": "Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks.",
        "clothing": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization. Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable. Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow. Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "modern",
        "label": "Modern era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_acquired_ocr",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "translated_or_edited_carrier",
            "sha256": "8994a2a8a1e48f057420b33435b5f34117e727977c427d94debc07b4e4f1d73d"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "592e8865d5eafec50cc8de436efc8917acd16d0cbf109a2bc6757bd2dbf19bd2",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "editorial_responsibility",
            "label": "Editorial responsibility"
        },
        {
            "id": "neighbor",
            "label": "Neighbor"
        },
        {
            "id": "translation_as_interpretation",
            "label": "Translation as interpretation"
        },
        {
            "id": "truth",
            "label": "Truth"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz"
    ],
    "passages": 157,
    "word_count": 42668,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 42668,
        "fr": 39095
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "edition-local-editorial-carrier-unit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "unit",
                "label_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
                "label_en": "Editorial unit"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
        "leaf_en": "Editorial unit"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz:49",
    "canonical_ref": "49",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Mr P o p e'j EJfay on Man, 63 tain Books. Neither Mr L^i^wi/z's Soul, nor the Soul of his moft zealous and in* defatigableAdherents, could ever have had a Power of inftruding the Souls of thofe who reckon themfelves his Difciples \\ neither immediately, for a Soul does not ad in this manner upon another Soul; nor yet mediately, for one Soul has no Adion upon another by the Interpofition of Bodies incapable of ading upon Thinking Subftances. 'Tis then by an Effed of Deftiny, that a great Number of Intelligences came to think like Mr. Leibnitz. The Seafon for this Event was arriv'd, and the Birth of thefe Thoughts was like that of Bloffoms, where one Tree does not at all contribute to the Produdioa of thofe which are blowing upon a neighbouring Tree It is to no Purpofe that fome of them fliould be fanciful enough to deduce the Truth of a Syftem, which derives its Origin from the Firft Caufe ; that they fhould deduce the Truth of this Syftem, I fay, from the Multitude of thefe uniform Ideas, produced without anyone of them contributing to the Pro- . G 2 duction 64 Examination of tion of another i for, according to them, Jc is the firfl Caiife which properly fpeaking does all, and there is no Effed but what is caufed by an infallible Confequence of the firfl: Impulfe imprefTed on the Univerfe ; 'tis therefore to this firfl Impulfe, and by confequence to the divine and firfl: Mover, that we muft impute the Opinions of thofe who look upon the Syfl:em as the mofl: extravagant Imagination that the Mind of Man, by its own Fault, was ever mifled by. When Mr Pf?/;^' adds, Verfe 51, 52 Refpecl'ing Man whatever u/rong we call; May, mujl be right, as relative to all",
            "source_id": "examinationofmrp00crouuoft",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation_or_editorial_carrier"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "livres. Ni l'âme de M. Leibniz, ni celles de ses adhérents les plus zélés et les plus infatigables n'auraient jamais pu instruire les âmes de ceux qui se comptent parmi ses disciples : ni immédiatement, car une âme n'agit pas de cette manière sur une autre âme ; ni médiatement, car une âme n'agit pas sur une autre par l'interposition de corps incapables d'agir sur des substances pensantes.\n\nC'est donc par un effet du destin qu'un grand nombre d'intelligences en vinrent à penser comme M. Leibniz. Le temps de cet événement était arrivé, et la naissance de ces pensées ressemblait à celle des fleurs, un arbre ne contribuant nullement à produire celles qui s'épanouissent sur l'arbre voisin.\n\nIl est inutile que certains d'entre eux soient assez imaginatifs pour déduire la vérité d'un système, qui tire son origine de la Cause première, de la multitude de ces idées uniformes produites sans qu'aucune contribue à la production d'une autre. Car, selon eux, c'est proprement la Cause première qui fait tout, et il n'existe aucun effet qui ne résulte infailliblement de la première impulsion imprimée à l'univers. C'est donc à cette première impulsion, et par conséquent au divin et premier Moteur, qu'il faut imputer les opinions de ceux qui regardent ce système comme l'imagination la plus extravagante par laquelle l'esprit humain se soit jamais laissé égarer par sa propre faute.\n\nLorsque M. Pope ajoute, vers 51 et 52 :\n\nÀ l'égard de l'homme, tout ce que nous nommons mal\nPeut, doit être bien, relativement au tout,",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "870fa301a7822e621964fe3912652b6dcd650d45ecad708254d79e79da6f9935"
}