{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/jean-pierre-de-crousaz/translated-crousaz/reference-61/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz’s Examination of Mr. Pope’s Essay on Man, Translated by Elizabeth Carter",
    "author": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz",
    "date": "1738-1739",
    "summary": "Jean-Pierre de Crousaz subjects Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man to philosophical and theological criticism. Elizabeth Carter’s English translation carries his debate about providence, freedom, evil, and cosmic order without making her the original author.",
    "learning": "Reconstruct the criticism of Pope’s optimism, distinguish poetic image from philosophical proposition, and attribute argument, translation, and target text separately.",
    "long_summary": "Crousaz examines Pope’s poetic formulas as propositions capable of being true, ambiguous, or dangerous. He refuses to let universal harmony, the scale of beings, or human limitation excuse evil or weaken freedom and responsibility.\n\nThe move from verse to argumentative prose creates a central tension: a powerful image is not yet an exact distinction. Carter translates the controversy for English readers and contributes to its circulation, but the structure and doctrinal commitments of the refutation belong to Crousaz.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "18th-century Europe",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization.",
        "science": "Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable.",
        "medicine": "Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered.",
        "transport": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow.",
        "agriculture": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual.",
        "communication": "Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks.",
        "clothing": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Printing presses, early steam engines, textile machinery, clockmaking, and metalwork begin an uneven mechanization. Learned societies, collections, measurement, public experiments, and classification make science more collective and testable. Anatomy and clinical observation advance; variolation and then vaccination appear, but anaesthesia, antisepsis, and microbes are not yet mastered."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking, horses, stagecoaches, barges, and sailing ships. Roads and relays improve, but travel remains slow. Newspapers, books, pamphlets, salons, and post move ideas at a new speed measured in days or weeks."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Rotations, animal breeding, drainage, and new foods raise some yields while much labour remains manual."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/22-1789-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Coats, waistcoats, and breeches dress prosperous men; bodices, skirts, and gowns structure women’s fashion. Working people wear simpler, repeatedly repaired forms."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "modern",
        "label": "Modern era"
    },
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_acquired_ocr",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "translated_or_edited_carrier",
            "sha256": "8994a2a8a1e48f057420b33435b5f34117e727977c427d94debc07b4e4f1d73d"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/elizabeth_carter/translated_crousaz/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 157,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "592e8865d5eafec50cc8de436efc8917acd16d0cbf109a2bc6757bd2dbf19bd2",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "death",
            "label": "Death"
        },
        {
            "id": "editorial_responsibility",
            "label": "Editorial responsibility"
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God"
        },
        {
            "id": "law",
            "label": "Law"
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature"
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason"
        },
        {
            "id": "translation_as_interpretation",
            "label": "Translation as interpretation"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz"
    ],
    "passages": 157,
    "word_count": 42668,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 42668,
        "fr": 39095
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "edition-local-editorial-carrier-unit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "unit",
                "label_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
                "label_en": "Editorial unit"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Unité éditoriale",
        "leaf_en": "Editorial unit"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:elizabeth_carter.translated_crousaz:61",
    "canonical_ref": "61",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "When Mr Pope adds, Verfe 133, &c. and makes Man fay For me the Mine a thoufand Treafures brings For me Health gufhes from a thoufand Springs y Sec It is plain that his Fancy diverts itfelf with Poetic Exaggerations. When 'tis faid that God made Man ihe Lord of all^ the Senfe of thefe Exprefiions amounts to this, That God has made human Nature capable of receiving a Part from allj and that which is true of human Nature in general, does not however extend to every Man in particular But errs not Nature from this gracious End Fnm burnifig Suns, zuhen livid Deaths defend JVhen Earthquakes fwalloiv, or zvhon Tempefs fweep Tozvn to one Grave, and Nations to the Deep No 'tis repl/d the firfl almighty Caufe /^ils 7iot by Partial, but h general Lazvs Mr Pop feems to think that Reafon is afleep when 'tis not awakned by Pride. Good Senfe might have infpired this Anfwer without its being di(5lated by Pride. The Mixture of Good and Evil, which we find in the World has",
            "source_id": "examinationofmrp00crouuoft",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation_or_editorial_carrier"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Lorsque M. Pope ajoute, vers 133 et suivants, et fait dire à l'homme :\n\nPour moi, la mine apporte mille trésors ;\nPour moi, la santé jaillit de mille sources, etc.,\n\nil est clair que son imagination s'amuse à des exagérations poétiques. Lorsqu'on dit que Dieu a fait l'homme seigneur de tout, le sens de ces expressions se réduit à ceci : Dieu a rendu la nature humaine capable de recevoir une part de toutes choses ; mais ce qui est vrai de la nature humaine en général ne s'étend pas à chaque homme en particulier.\n\nMais la Nature ne s'écarte-t-elle pas de cette fin bienfaisante,\nPar des soleils brûlants, lorsque des morts livides s'ensuivent,\nLorsque les tremblements de terre engloutissent, ou que les tempêtes emportent\nDes villes vers une même tombe, et des nations dans l'abîme ?\nNon, répond-on, la Cause première toute-puissante\nAgit non par des lois particulières, mais par des lois générales.\n\nM. Pope semble penser que la raison dort lorsqu'elle n'est pas éveillée par l'orgueil. Le bon sens aurait pu inspirer cette réponse sans qu'elle fût dictée par l'orgueil. Le mélange de bien et de mal que nous trouvons dans le monde a",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "f991da6ac85b001e6fc1e03c718fe4740b57097c0b6cb98087d561fce2ff05ba"
}