{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "muhammad.quran",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/muhammad/quran/livre-2/passage-213/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "The Qur’an",
    "author": "Muhammad",
    "date": "proclamations c. 610-632 CE",
    "summary": "The reference scripture of Islam, the Qur’an proclaims divine unity, recalls prophetic figures, and calls for faith, worship, justice, and mercy. Its surahs accompany the formation of a community between warning of judgement and promise of forgiveness.",
    "learning": "Trace recurring prophetic narratives, connect divine unity, judgement, mercy, and justice, and distinguish proclamation, canonical order, and commentary.",
    "long_summary": "Qur’anic proclamations alternate remembered narratives, exhortation, communal rules, prayer, and signs observed in nature. Their voice addresses believers, opponents, and earlier communities, returning to motifs in forms shaped by different situations.\n\nCanonical order is not a chronological narrative of proclamation. Recitation, written collection, and traditions of interpretation are levels requiring distinction. A neutral historical account recognizes the text’s revealed status for Muslims without turning it into simplistic documentary authorship by Muhammad.",
    "historical_context": "The Qur’anic proclamations are situated between Mecca and Medina from about 610 to 632. They accompany the move from minority preaching to the organization of a community. Writing and transmission require a distinction between the event of recitation, collection of the text, and its later history of interpretation.",
    "material_world_label": "Western Arabia, early 7th century",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Metalwork, leather, weaving, wells, cisterns, and stone or earthen building answer the constraints of oases and caravan routes.",
        "science": "Star navigation, calendars, genealogy, and practical calculation serve travel, trade, and ritual life; the great Islamic scholarly institutions are still in the future.",
        "medicine": "Plant remedies, cautery, household care, and local practitioners treat injury and disease without specialized hospitals or germ theory.",
        "transport": "Walking, camels, donkeys, and horses predominate. Caravans connect oases, ports, and markets through long journeys.",
        "agriculture": "Date palms, grain, small irrigated gardens, and livestock use wells and oases; trade supplies many other goods.",
        "communication": "Recited poetry, memory, messengers, letters, and handwritten contracts carry reputation, alliance, commerce, and proclamation.",
        "clothing": "Women and men wear wool, linen, or cotton tunics, robes, cloaks, and veils; layering, colour, and quality indicate climate, activity, and rank."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/library/world-context/early-islamic-arabia/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Metalwork, leather, weaving, wells, cisterns, and stone or earthen building answer the constraints of oases and caravan routes. Star navigation, calendars, genealogy, and practical calculation serve travel, trade, and ritual life; the great Islamic scholarly institutions are still in the future. Plant remedies, cautery, household care, and local practitioners treat injury and disease without specialized hospitals or germ theory."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/library/world-context/early-islamic-arabia/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking, camels, donkeys, and horses predominate. Caravans connect oases, ports, and markets through long journeys. Recited poetry, memory, messengers, letters, and handwritten contracts carry reputation, alliance, commerce, and proclamation."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/library/world-context/early-islamic-arabia/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Date palms, grain, small irrigated gardens, and livestock use wells and oases; trade supplies many other goods."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/library/world-context/early-islamic-arabia/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Women and men wear wool, linen, or cotton tunics, robes, cloaks, and veils; layering, colour, and quality indicate climate, activity, and rank."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "islam",
        "label": "Islam"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "ar",
        "fr",
        "en"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/muhammad/quran/representations/ar.ndjson",
            "language": "ar",
            "records": 6236,
            "role": "original_revelation_carrier",
            "sha256": "8b313447f01a573a8eebaa268da18e7e4fd98a1a5d64fbefed6a35f84b125800",
            "source_id": "tanzil-quran-uthmani-1.1"
        },
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/muhammad/quran/representations/fr.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "records": 6236,
            "role": "modern_human_translation",
            "sha256": "3b583a9a058e26adc7b8a2d2488321ea4fb61f5a9b797cf65d1ff53f86a59b34",
            "source_id": "tanzil-fr-hamidullah"
        },
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/muhammad/quran/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 6236,
            "role": "historical_human_translation",
            "sha256": "763f0465a8ddce4eaa340ec2035ad7877d02bb6e768327927cdb46ed3a787c20",
            "source_id": "tanzil-en-pickthall"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "accountability",
            "label": "Moral accountability"
        },
        {
            "id": "charity",
            "label": "Almsgiving and charity"
        },
        {
            "id": "community",
            "label": "Community"
        },
        {
            "id": "faith",
            "label": "Faith"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "judgment",
            "label": "Judgment"
        },
        {
            "id": "mercy",
            "label": "Mercy"
        },
        {
            "id": "patience",
            "label": "Steadfast patience"
        },
        {
            "id": "prophecy",
            "label": "Prophecy"
        },
        {
            "id": "revelation",
            "label": "Revelation"
        },
        {
            "id": "spirit",
            "label": "Spirit"
        },
        {
            "id": "tawhid",
            "label": "Divine unity"
        },
        {
            "id": "truth",
            "label": "Truth"
        },
        {
            "id": "war_and_peace",
            "label": "War and peace"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "muhammad.quran"
    ],
    "passages": 6236,
    "word_count": 154964,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "ar": 285967,
        "en": 154964,
        "fr": 151702
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "quran-surah-ayah-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "surah",
                "label_fr": "Sourate",
                "label_en": "Surah"
            },
            {
                "key": "ayah",
                "label_fr": "Verset",
                "label_en": "Verse"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Verset",
        "leaf_en": "Verse"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:muhammad.quran:2.213",
    "canonical_ref": "2.213",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "ar",
            "text": "كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةًۭ وَٰحِدَةًۭ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ فِيهِ ۚ وَمَا ٱخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغْيًۢا بَيْنَهُمْ ۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لِمَا ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِۦ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍۢ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ",
            "edition": "Tanzil Quran Text 1.1, Uthmani",
            "source_id": "tanzil-quran-uthmani-1.1"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Les gens formaient (à l'origine) une seule communauté (croyante). Puis, (après leurs divergences,) Allah envoya des prophètes comme annonciateurs et avertisseurs; et Il fit descendre avec eux le Livre contenant la vérité, pour régler parmi les gens leurs divergences. Mais, ce sont ceux-là mêmes à qui il avait été apporté, qui se mirent à en disputer, après que les preuves leur furent venues, par esprit de rivalité! Puis Allah, de par Sa Grâce, guida ceux qui crurent vers cette Vérité sur laquelle les autres disputaient. Et Allah guide qui Il veut vers le chemin droit.",
            "translator": "Muhammad Hamidullah",
            "edition": "Le Saint Coran, traduction Muhammad Hamidullah",
            "source_id": "tanzil-fr-hamidullah",
            "translation_type": "modern_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Mankind were one community, and Allah sent (unto them) prophets as bearers of good tidings and as warners, and revealed therewith the Scripture with the truth that it might judge between mankind concerning that wherein they differed. And only those unto whom (the Scripture) was given differed concerning it, after clear proofs had come unto them, through hatred one of another. And Allah by His Will guided those who believe unto the truth of that concerning which they differed. Allah guideth whom He will unto a straight path.",
            "translator": "Mohammed Marmaduke William Pickthall",
            "edition": "The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930)",
            "source_id": "tanzil-en-pickthall",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "37737eabe3fbe55e347f4e39e976ce6b70d11b2551a0c9b9df03c424f317b085"
}