{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "panaetius.fowler_fragments",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/panaetius/fowler-fragments/reference-49/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Panaetius Fragments in Fowler’s Edition",
    "author": "Panaetius",
    "date": "2nd century BCE; fragments carried from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE",
    "summary": "Fifty-nine Greek or Latin units preserve quotations, reports, and adaptations attributed to Panaetius without reconstructing a continuous book.",
    "learning": "Name the concrete role, distinguish what is honorable from apparent advantage, fit action to character and circumstance, then cite the carrier transmitting the claim.",
    "long_summary": "Panaetius’ books are lost. Fowler gathers ancient witnesses, including Cicero, Plutarch, Aulus Gellius, and Seneca, in a numbered edition that preserves their mediation. Cicero adapts much of the lost work on duties, but De Officiis is neither a transparent translation nor a surviving book by Panaetius.\n\nEvery unit therefore remains attached to its carrier and Fowler number. The edition’s Greek or Latin is accompanied by non-official AI French and English translations, admitted for controlled paraphrase and excluded from verbatim quotation.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "World of 1989",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.",
        "science": "Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.",
        "medicine": "CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.",
        "transport": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.",
        "agriculture": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.",
        "communication": "Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.",
        "clothing": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "lat",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_fowler_numbered_panaetius_units",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/panaetius/fowler_fragments/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 33,
            "role": "critical_fragment_carrier_transcription",
            "sha256": "83d79530c460bb2d006389df927839891785adaceeb29eaba04ced0203b9c72e",
            "source_id": "fowler-1885-eikasia-2023"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete_for_fowler_numbered_panaetius_units",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/panaetius/fowler_fragments/representations/lat.ndjson",
            "language": "lat",
            "records": 26,
            "role": "critical_fragment_carrier_transcription",
            "sha256": "8d4ab64393005bca35702f9cb93e336edb9b069b48ce4506b1f659f13b530fad",
            "source_id": "fowler-1885-eikasia-2023"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/panaetius/fowler_fragments/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-15",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 59,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "4a4a1a5941a6988c8dd80ecc98ef4463525c02c8a66d75551f1a3fb235439407",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/panaetius/fowler_fragments/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-15",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 59,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "df4e2579e80f12e293b3dd6cfc02003917e12439cf88f881c3ff1ba6fb7dcd11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "appropriate_action",
            "label": "Appropriate action"
        },
        {
            "id": "civic_cooperation",
            "label": "Civic cooperation"
        },
        {
            "id": "civic_duty",
            "label": "Civic duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "decorum",
            "label": "Moral decorum"
        },
        {
            "id": "duty",
            "label": "Duty"
        },
        {
            "id": "honorable_and_useful",
            "label": "Honorable and useful"
        },
        {
            "id": "individual_character_and_role",
            "label": "Individual character and role"
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature"
        },
        {
            "id": "prepared_prudence",
            "label": "Prepared prudence"
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason"
        },
        {
            "id": "virtue",
            "label": "Virtue"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "panaetius.fowler_fragments"
    ],
    "passages": 59,
    "word_count": 7052,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 7052,
        "fr": 7003,
        "grc": 2339,
        "lat": 3114
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "fowler-panaetius-fragment-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "edition",
                "label_fr": "Édition",
                "label_en": "Edition"
            },
            {
                "key": "fragment",
                "label_fr": "Fragment Fowler",
                "label_en": "Fowler fragment"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Unité porteuse",
        "leaf_en": "Carrier unit"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:panaetius.fowler_fragments:49",
    "canonical_ref": "49",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "grc",
            "text": "49. [Laert. Diog. II, 64.) Πάντων μέντοι τῶν Σωκρατικῶν διαλόγων Παναίτιος\nἀληθεῖς εἶναι δοκεῖ τοὺς Πλάτωνος Ξενοφῶντος ᾿Αντιςθένους Αἰςχίνου᾽ διςτάζει\nδὲ περὶ τῶν Φαίδωνος καὶ Εὐκλείδου. τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους ἀναιρεῖ πάντας (cf. v. L. 63).\n\n(de Anth. Pal. IX 358 et aliis locis ubi Panaetius Phaedonem dialogum Platonicum re\nvera Platonis esse negasse traditur, ; quod enostro loco similive male intellecto\nevenisse videtur, ; cf. Zeller, Comment. philol, in hon. Mommseni 1877 p. 407 sqq.\nNietzsche Mus. Rh. XXIV p. 181 sqq.)",
            "source_id": "fowler-1885-eikasia-2023",
            "translation_type": "critical_fragment_carrier_transcription"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "49. [Diogenes Laertius II, 64.] Of all the Socratic dialogues, Panaetius considers those of Plato, Xenophon, Antisthenes, and Aeschines genuine. He is doubtful about those of Phaedo and Euclides, but rejects all the others (cf. v. L. 63).\n\n(On Anthologia Palatina IX, 358, and other passages where Panaetius is said to have denied that Plato's dialogue Phaedo was truly by Plato, something that seems to have arisen from a misunderstanding of our passage or a similar one, cf. Zeller, Commentationes philologicae in honorem Mommseni, 1877, pp. 407 ff.; Nietzsche, Rheinisches Museum XXIV, pp. 181 ff.)",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-15",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "49. [Diogène Laërce II, 64.] Parmi tous les dialogues socratiques, Panétius paraît tenir pour authentiques ceux de Platon, de Xénophon, d’Antisthène et d’Eschine ; il hésite au sujet de ceux de Phédon et d’Euclide, et rejette tous les autres (cf. v. L. 63).\n\n(Sur Anth. Pal. IX, 358 et d’autres passages où l’on rapporte que Panétius niait que le Phédon, dialogue platonicien, fût réellement de Platon, ce qui semble résulter d’une mauvaise compréhension de notre passage ou d’un passage semblable, cf. Zeller, Comment. philol. in hon. Mommseni, 1877, p. 407 sqq. ; Nietzsche, Mus. Rh. XXIV, p. 181 sqq.)",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-15",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "8285becad270b14b592c96f2d93d463c4773039a75a2edca14f03b94b33a8ae4"
}