{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-work-v1",
    "id": "plato.epinomis",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plato/epinomis/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Epinomis, an Ancient Appendix to the Laws",
    "author": "Plato",
    "date": "after 347, c. 347-330 BCE",
    "summary": "The Epinomis returns to the wisdom required by a legislator and directs it toward number, astronomy, and worship of the stars. Transmitted as a sequel to the Laws, it has an ancient but strongly disputed attribution to Plato.",
    "learning": "Connect mathematics, astronomy, and legislation, understand the text’s astral theology, and qualify its probably post-Platonic status.",
    "long_summary": "The speakers ask which science can make a human wise and reject several arts before privileging number and celestial motions. The visible order of heaven becomes access to divine intelligence and religion governed by knowledge.\n\nTradition often associates the work with Philip of Opus or a later Platonic milieu. That uncertainty is central: the Epinomis illuminates an ancient reception of the Laws and development of astral theology without guaranteeing Plato’s final thought.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Classical Greek world, 5th century BCE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Bronze, iron, pottery, simple cranes, and shipbuilding sustain cities. Power still comes mainly from people, animals, wind, and water.",
        "science": "Geometry, astronomy, inquiry into nature, and rational argument advance without modern measuring instruments or standardized experiments.",
        "medicine": "Practitioners observe symptoms, diet, and seasons; healing sanctuaries and ritual treatment also remain common.",
        "transport": "Walking and animals dominate on land. Sailing ships and triremes connect islands, ports, and colonies.",
        "agriculture": "Small farms, grain, vines, olives, goats, and sheep shape the diet; harvests remain vulnerable to weather and war.",
        "communication": "Public speech, messengers, and handwritten letters carry news. Theatre, the civic square, and the banquet are major social media.",
        "clothing": "Women and men drape wool or linen as chitons, peploi, and cloaks. Garments are pinned, belted, and shaped by status rather than tailored like modern clothes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Bronze, iron, pottery, simple cranes, and shipbuilding sustain cities. Power still comes mainly from people, animals, wind, and water. Geometry, astronomy, inquiry into nature, and rational argument advance without modern measuring instruments or standardized experiments. Practitioners observe symptoms, diet, and seasons; healing sanctuaries and ritual treatment also remain common."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking and animals dominate on land. Sailing ships and triremes connect islands, ports, and colonies. Public speech, messengers, and handwritten letters carry news. Theatre, the civic square, and the banquet are major social media."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Small farms, grain, vines, olives, goats, and sheep shape the diet; harvests remain vulnerable to weather and war."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Women and men drape wool or linen as chitons, peploi, and cloaks. Garments are pinned, belted, and shaped by status rather than tailored like modern clothes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "platonism",
        "label": "Socratic and Platonic thought"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plato/epinomis/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 20,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "afbbf5e99e1011cce27c1aa6f574f6283c8062189a4e69fb88029346b696de27",
            "source_id": "perseus-plato-epinomis-grc"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plato/epinomis/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 20,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "6c03bde33bc6935c2d08b0a13d92e6e187288e4d165e3e260ed4d5f276c017a2",
            "source_id": "perseus-plato-epinomis-en"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plato/epinomis/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 20,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "831a14649753369acea2da246703185b1d753ad90ec1fe9efafa26db13f7b811",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plato/epinomis_fr_carrier/representations/fr.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "historical_translation",
            "sha256": "86f7ff61c5f0116525d9e16601c15a55bf119d6c18367700b233b820ac4fc096",
            "source_id": "wikisource-cousin-epinomis-fr-01"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plato/epinomis_fr_carrier/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 1,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "604de2fda2bdfd28d93211b14ccf0e7b587888a95fad23f6aba625969c9515f3",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "dialectic",
            "label": "Dialectic",
            "count": 21
        },
        {
            "id": "forms",
            "label": "Intelligible forms",
            "count": 21
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason",
            "count": 21
        },
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul",
            "count": 20
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature",
            "count": 19
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field",
            "count": 17
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God",
            "count": 17
        },
        {
            "id": "justice",
            "label": "Justice",
            "count": 16
        },
        {
            "id": "sin",
            "label": "Sin",
            "count": 16
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family",
            "count": 15
        },
        {
            "id": "wisdom",
            "label": "Wisdom",
            "count": 13
        },
        {
            "id": "education",
            "label": "Education",
            "count": 12
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "plato.epinomis",
        "plato.epinomis_fr_carrier"
    ],
    "passages": 20,
    "word_count": 9251,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 9251,
        "fr": 9413,
        "grc": 6362
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "plato-stephanus-page-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "stephanus_page",
                "label_fr": "Page Stephanus",
                "label_en": "Stephanus page"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Passage",
        "leaf_en": "Passage"
    },
    "content_checksum": "082aa4be5ac798f1fbe744741005146f3cd9e6ef9f163e9856a05557d8e9d5b5"
}