{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "plutarch.face_in_moon",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/face-in-moon/reference-26/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "On the Face in the Moon",
    "author": "Plutarch",
    "date": "late 1st to early 2nd century CE; internal order uncertain",
    "summary": "On the Face in the Moon observes character in action and tests moral rules against concrete situations.",
    "learning": "To read On the Face in the Moon, isolate the decisive action, distinguish character from fortune, then compare its consequence with that of a neighboring course of conduct.",
    "long_summary": "The dialogue sets several voices against one another without turning every utterance into Plutarch’s personal doctrine. Setting, speakers, and the inquiry’s progression are part of the evidence.\n\nCanonical identity follows the critical Greek CTS divisions. The historical English translation and AI-generated French remain distinct, labeled manifestations. Astronomical hypotheses, lunar geography, and the closing myth do not share one argumentative status.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "World of 1989",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.",
        "science": "Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.",
        "medicine": "CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.",
        "transport": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.",
        "agriculture": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.",
        "communication": "Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.",
        "clothing": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "platonism",
        "label": "Socratic and Platonic thought"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plutarch/face_in_moon/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 30,
            "role": "complete_aligned_work",
            "sha256": "a259f9266968d03af114eb4242a24943406fd5c78467e82b47e020b434eb4aa1",
            "source_id": "perseus-grc"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plutarch/face_in_moon/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 30,
            "role": "complete_aligned_work",
            "sha256": "e3a0df1ced014a4bd89bd7ff6b561270e23e29a5711fe9e85b5052d467252c9a",
            "source_id": "perseus-en"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plutarch/face_in_moon/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-13",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 30,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "d11e443a2883afc7c25813714b62fa0d190935ac8f4d83b6120ec04c0d6423b0",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "affects",
            "label": "Affects"
        },
        {
            "id": "anger",
            "label": "Anger"
        },
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "comparative_character",
            "label": "Comparative character"
        },
        {
            "id": "desire",
            "label": "Desire"
        },
        {
            "id": "education",
            "label": "Education"
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "forms",
            "label": "Intelligible forms"
        },
        {
            "id": "friendship",
            "label": "Friendship"
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God"
        },
        {
            "id": "holiness",
            "label": "Holiness"
        },
        {
            "id": "justice_and_care",
            "label": "Justice and care for the vulnerable"
        },
        {
            "id": "law",
            "label": "Law"
        },
        {
            "id": "mode",
            "label": "Mode"
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature"
        },
        {
            "id": "necessity",
            "label": "Necessity"
        },
        {
            "id": "philosophical_eros",
            "label": "Philosophical eros"
        },
        {
            "id": "philosophical_training",
            "label": "Philosophical training"
        },
        {
            "id": "pleasure",
            "label": "Pleasure"
        },
        {
            "id": "prayer",
            "label": "Prayer"
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason"
        },
        {
            "id": "roles",
            "label": "Roles and relationships"
        },
        {
            "id": "service",
            "label": "Service"
        },
        {
            "id": "sin",
            "label": "Sin"
        },
        {
            "id": "spirit",
            "label": "Spirit"
        },
        {
            "id": "suffering",
            "label": "Suffering"
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time"
        },
        {
            "id": "tranquillity",
            "label": "Tranquillity"
        },
        {
            "id": "war_and_peace",
            "label": "War and peace"
        },
        {
            "id": "wisdom",
            "label": "Wisdom"
        },
        {
            "id": "worship",
            "label": "Worship"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "plutarch.face_in_moon"
    ],
    "passages": 30,
    "word_count": 20121,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 20121,
        "fr": 19914,
        "grc": 12676
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "source-section-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "section",
                "label_fr": "Section",
                "label_en": "Section"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Section",
        "leaf_en": "Section"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:plutarch.face_in_moon:26",
    "canonical_ref": "26",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "grc",
            "text": "ἔτι δʼ ἐμοῦ σχεδὸν λέγοντος, ὁ Σύλλας ὑπολαβών ἐπίσχες εἶπεν ὦ Λαμπρία, καὶ παραβαλοῦ τὸ θυρίον τοῦ λόγου, μὴ λάθῃς τὸν μῦθον ὥσπερ εἰς γῆν ἐξοκείλας καὶ συγχέῃς τὸ δρᾶμα τοὐμὸν ἑτέραν ἔχον σκηνὴν καὶ διάθεσιν, ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ὑποκριτής εἰμι, πρότερον δʼ αὐτοῦ φράσω τὸν ποιητὴν ὑμῖν εἰ μή τι κωλύει καθʼ Ὅμηρον ἀρξάμενος Ὠγυγίη τις νῆσος ἀπόπροθεν εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται δρόμον ἡμερῶν πέντε Βρεττανίας ἀπέχουσα πλέοντι πρὸς; ἑσπέραν· ἕτεραι δὲ τρεῖς ἴσον ἐκείνης ἀφεστῶσαι καὶ ἀλλήλων πρόκεινται μάλιστα κατὰ δυσμὰς; ἡλίου θερινάς· ὧν ἐν μιᾷ τὸν Κρόνον οἱ βάρβαροι καθεῖρχθαι μυθολογοῦσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός, τὸν δʼ ὡς υἱὸν ἔχοντα φρουρὸν τῶν τε νήσων ἐκείνων καὶ τῆς θαλάττης, ἣν Κρόνιον πέλαγος ὀνομάζουσι, πέραν κατῳκίσθαι τὴν δὲ μεγάλην ἤπειρον, ὑφʼ ἧς ἡ μεγάλη περιέχεται κύκλῳ θάλαττα, τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἔλαττον ἀπέχειν, τῆς δʼ Ὠγυγίας περὶ πεντακισχιλίους σταδίους κωπήρεσι πλοίοις κομιζομένῳ· βραδύπορον γὰρ εἶναι καὶ πηλῶδες ὑπὸ πλήθους ῥευμάτων τὸ πέλαγος· τὰ δὲ· ῥεύματα τὴν μεγάλην ἐξιέναι γῆν καὶ γίγνεσθαι προσχώσεις ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ βαρεῖαν εἶναι καὶ γεώδη τὴν θάλατταν, ᾗ καὶ πεπηγέναι δόξαν ἔσχε. τῆς δʼ ἠπείρου τὰ πρὸς τῇ θαλάττῃ κατοικεῖν Ἕλληνας περὶ κόλπον οὐκ ἐλάττονα τῆς Μαιώτιδος, οὗ τὸ στόμα τῷ στόματι τοῦ Κασπίου πελάγους μάλιστα κατʼ εὐθεῖαν κεῖσθαι· λαλεῖν δὲ καὶ νομίζειν ἐκείνους ἠπειρώτας μὲν αὑτοὺς νησιώτας δὲ τοὺς ταύτην τὴν γῆν κατοικοῦντας, ὡς καὶ κύκλῳ περίρρυτον οὖσαν ὑπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης· οἴεσθαι δὲ τοῖς Κρόνου λαοῖς ἀναμιχθέντας ὕστερον τοὺς μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους παραγενομένους καὶ ὑπολειφθέντας ἤδη σβεννύμενον τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐκεῖ καὶ κρατούμενον γλώττῃ τε βαρβαρικῇ καὶ νόμοις καὶ διαίταις οἷον ἀναζωπυρῆσαι πάλιν ἰσχυρὸν καὶ πολὺ γενόμενον διὸ τιμὰς ἔχειν πρώτας τὸν Ἡρακλέα, δευτέρας δὲ τὸν Κρόνον. ὅταν οὖν ὁ τοῦ Κρόνου ἀστήρ, ὃν Φαίνοντα μὲν ἡμεῖς, ἐκείνους δὲ Νυκτοῦρον ἔφη καλεῖν, εἰς Ταῦρον παραγένηται διʼ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα, παρασκευασαμένους ἐν χρόνῳ πολλῷ τὰ περὶ τὴν θυσίαν καὶ τὸν ἀπόπλουν ἐκπέμπειν κλήρῳ λαχόντας ἐν πλοίοις τοσούτοις θεραπείαν τε πολλὴν καὶ παρασκευὴν ἀναγκαίαν μέλλουσι πλεῖν πέλαγος τοσοῦτον εἰρεσίᾳ καὶ χρόνον ἐπὶ ξένης βιοτεύειν πολὺν ἐμβαλλομένους· ἀναχθέντας οὖν χρῆσθαι τύχαις, ὡς εἰκός, ἄλλους ἄλλαις· τοὺς δὲ διασωθέντας ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης πρῶτον μὲν ἐπὶ τὰς προκειμένας νήσους οἰκουμένας δʼ ὑφʼ Ἑλλήνων κατίσχειν καὶ τὸν ἥλιον ὁρᾶν κρυπτόμενον ὥρας μιᾶς ἔλαττον ἐφʼ ἡμέρας τριάκοντα καὶ νύκτα τοῦτʼ εἶναι, σκότος ἔχουσαν ἐλαφρὸν καὶ λυκαυγὲς ἀπὸ δυσμῶν περιλαμπόμενον ἐκεῖ διατρίψαντας ἡμέρας ἐνενήκοντα, μετὰ τιμῆς καὶ φιλοφροσύνης ἱεροὺς νομιζομένους καὶ προσαγορευομένους, ὑπὸ πνευμάτων ἢδη περαιοῦσθαι· μηδʼ ἄλλους τινὰς ἐνοικεῖν ἢ σφᾶς τʼ, αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς πρὸ αὐτῶν ἀποπεμφθέντας· ἐξεῖναι μὲν γὰρ ἀποπλεῖν οἴκαδε τοὺς τῷ θεῷ τὰ τρὶς δέκʼ ἔτη συλλατρεύσαντας, αἱρεῖσθαι δὲ τοὺς πλείστους ἐπιεικῶς αὐτόθι κατοικεῖν, τοὺς μὲν ὑπὸ συνηθείας, τοὺς δʼ ὅτι πόνου δίχα καὶ πραγμάτων ἄφθονα πάρεστι πάντα, πρὸς θυσίαις καὶ χορηγίαις ἢ περὶ λόγους τινὰς ἀεὶ καὶ φιλοσοφίαν διατρίβουσι. θαυμαστὴν γὰρ εἶναι τῆς τε νήσου τὴν φύσιν καὶ τὴν πραότητα τοῦ περιέχοντος ἀέρος, ἐνίοις δὲ καὶ τὸ θεῖον ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι διανοηθεῖσιν ἀποπλεῖν ὥσπερ συνήθεσι καὶ φίλοις ἐπιδεικνύμενον οὐκ ὄναρ γὰρ μόνον οὐδὲ διὰ συμβόλων, ἀλλὰ καὶ φανερῶς ἐντυγχάνειν πολλοὺς ὄψεσι δαιμόνων καὶ φωναῖς. αὐτὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸν Κρόνον ἐν ἄντρῳ βαθεῖ περιέχεσθαι πέτρας χρυσοειδοῦς καθεύδοντα, τὸν γὰρ ὕπνον αὐτῷ μεμηχανῆσθαι δεσμὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός, ὄρνιθας; δὲ τῆς πέτρας κατὰ κορυφὴν εἰσπετομένους ἀμβροσίαν ἐπιφέρειν αὐτῷ, καὶ τὴν νῆσον εὐωδίᾳ κατέχεσθαι πᾶσαν, ὥσπερ ἐκ πηγῆς σκιδναμένῃ τῆς πέτρας· τοὺς δὲ δαίμονας ἐκείνους περιέπειν καὶ θεραπεύειν τὸν Κρόνον, ἑταίρους αὐτῷ γενομένους, ὅτε δὴ θεῶν καὶ ἀνθρώπων ἐβασίλευε καὶ πολλὰ μὲν ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν μαντικοὺς ὄντας προλέγειν, τὰ δὲ μέγιστα καὶ περὶ τῶν μεγίστων ὡς ὀνείρατα τοῦ Κρόνου κατιόντας ἐξαγγέλλειν ὅσα γὰρ ὁ Ζεύς προδιανοεῖται, ταῦτʼ ὀνειροπολεῖν τὸν Κρόνον· εἶναι δʼ ἀνάστασιν τὰ τιτανικὰ πάθη καὶ κινήματα τῆς ψυχῆς ἐν αὐτῷ παντάπασιν ὁ ὕπνος καὶ γένηται τὸ βασιλικὸν καὶ θεῖον αὐτὸ καθʼ ἑαυτὸ καθαρὸν καὶ ἀκήρατον. ἐνταῦθα δὴ κομισθείς, ὡς ἔλεγεν, ὁ ξένος καὶ θεραπεύων τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ σχολῆς, ἀστρολογίας μὲν ἐφʼ ὅσον γεωμετρήσαντι πορρωτάτω προελθεῖν δυνατόν ἐστιν ἐμπειρίαν ἔσχε, φιλοσοφίας δὲ τῆς ἄλλης τῷ φυσικῷ χρώμενος. ἐπιθυμίαν δέ τινα καὶ πόθον ἔχων γενέσθαι τῆς μεγάλης νήσου θεατής· οὕτω γὰρ ὡς ἔοικε τὴν παρʼ ἡμῖν οἰκουμένην ὀνομάζουσιν ἐπειδὴ τὰ τριάκοντʼ ἔτη διῆλθεν, ἀφικομένων τῶν διαδόχων οἴκοθεν, ἀσπασάμενος τοὺς φίλους ἐξέπλευσε, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα κατεσκευασμένος εὐσταλῶς ἐφόδιον δὲ συχνὸν ἐν χρυσοῖς ἐκπώμασι κομίζων. ἃ μὲν οὖν ἔπαθε καὶ ὅσους ἀνθρώπους διῆλθεν, ἱεροῖς τε γράμμασιν ἐντυγχάνων ἔν τε τελεταῖς πάσαις τελούμενος, οὐ μιᾶς ἡμέρας ἔργον ἐστὶ διελθεῖν, ὡς ἐκεῖνος ἡμῖν ἀπήγγελλεν, εὖ μάλα καὶ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἀπομνημονεύων ὅσα δʼ οἰκεῖα τῆς ἐνεστώσης διατριβῆς ἐστιν, ἀκούσατε. πλεῖστον γὰρ ἐν Καρχηδόνι χρόνον διέτριψεν, ἅτε δὴ παρʼ ἡμῖν μεγάλας ἔχοντος καί τινας, ὅθʼ ἡ προτέρα πόλις ἀπώλλυτο, διφθέρας ἱερὰς ὑπεκκομισθείσας κρύφα καὶ διαλαθούσας πολὺν χρόνον ἐν γῇ κειμένας ἐξευρὼν τῶν τε φαινομένων θεῶν ἔφη χρῆναι καί μοι παρεκελεύετο τιμᾶν διαφερόντως τὴν Σελήνην, ὡς τοῦ βίου κυριωτάτην οὖσαν ἐχομένην.",
            "source_id": "perseus-grc",
            "translation_type": "critical_original_language"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "I had not well ended my discourse, when Sylla interrupting me said: Forbear Lamprias, and put a stop to your discourse, lest running (as they say) the vessel of your story on ground, you confound and spoil all the play, which has at present another scene and disposition. I myself therefore shall be the actor, but shall, before I enter upon my part, make known to you the poet or author; beginning, if there is nothing to hinder, with that of Homer, An isle Ogygia lies in Ocean’s arms, distant about five days’ sail westward from Britain; and before it there are three others, of an equal distance from one another and also from that, bearing north-west, where the sun sets in summer. In one of these the barbarians feign that Saturn is detained prisoner by Jupiter, who, as his son, having the guard or keeping of those islands and the adjacent sea, named the Saturnian, has his seat a little below; and that the continent, by which the great sea is circularly environed, is distant from Ogygia about five thousand stadia, but from the others not so far, men using to row thither in galleys, the sea being there low and ebb. and difficult to be passed by great vessels because of the mud brought thither by a multitude of rivers, which, coming from the mainland, discharge themselves into it, and raise there great bars and shelves that choke up the river and render it hardly navigable; whence anciently there arose an opinion of its being frozen. Moreover, the coasts of this continent lying on the sea are inhabited by the Greeks about a bay not much smaller than the Maeotic, the mouth of which lies in a direct line over against that of the Caspian Sea. These name and esteem themselves the inhabitants of the firm land, calling all us others islanders, as dwelling in a land encompassed round about and washed by the sea. And they think that those who heretofore came thither with Hercules and were left there by him, mixing themselves with the people of Saturn, raised up again the Greek nation, which was well near extinguished, brought under and supplanted by the language, laws, and manners of the barbarians, and made it again flourish and recover its pristine vigor. And therefore in that place they give the first honor to Hercules, and the second to Saturn. Now when the star of Saturn, by us called Phaenon and by them Nycturus, comes to the sign of Taurus, as it does once in the time of thirty years, they, having been a long time preparing what is necessary for a solemn sacrifice and a long voyage or navigation, send forth those on whom the lots fall to row in that vast sea, and make their abode for a great while in foreign countries. These men then, being embarked and departed, meet with different adventures, some in one manner, others in another. Now such as have in safety passed the danger of the sea go first ashore in those opposite islands, which are inhabited by the Greeks, where they see that the sun is scarce hidden one full hour during the space of thirty days, and that this is their night, of which the darkness is but small, as having a twilight from the going down of the sun not unlike the dawning of the day; that having continued there ninety days, during which they are highly caressed and honored, as being reputed and termed holy men, they are afterwards conducted by the winds, and transported into the isle of Saturn, where there are no other inhabitants but themselves and such as have been sent thither before them. For though it is lawful for them, after they have served Saturn thirty years, to return home to their own countries and houses, yet most of them choose rather to remain quietly there; some, because they are already accustomed to the place; others, because without any labor and trouble they have abundance of all things, as well for the offering of sacrifices and holding festival solemnities, as to support the ordinary expenses of those who are perpetually conversant in the study of learning and philosophy. For they affirm the nature of the island and the mildness of the air which environs it to be admirable; and that there have been some persons who, intending to depart thence, have been hindered by the Divinity or Genius of the place showing himself to them, as to his familiar friends and acquaintance, not only in dreams and exterior signs, but also visibly appearing to them by the means of familiar spirits discoursing and conversing with them. For they say, that Saturn himself is personally there, lying asleep in the deep cave of an hollow rock, shining like fine gold, Jupiter having prepared sleep instead of fetters and shackles to keep him from stirring; but that there are on the top of this rock certain birds, which fly down and carry him ambrosia; that the whole island is filled with an admirable fragrancy and perfume, which is spread all over it, arising from this cave, as from an odoriferous fountain; that these Daemons serve and minister to Saturn, having been his courtiers and nearest attendants when he held the empire and exercised regal authority over men and Gods; and that having the science of divining future occurrences, they of themselves foretell many things; but the greatest and of the highest importance, when they return from assisting Saturn, and reveal his dreams; for whatever Jupiter premeditates, Saturn dreams; but his awakenings are Titanical passions or perturbations of the soul in him, which sleep altogether controls, in order that the royal and divine nature may be pure and incontaminate in itself. This stranger then, having been brought thither, and there serving the God in repose and at his ease, attained to as great skill in astrology as it is possible for any one to do that has made the greatest progress in geometry; as for the rest of philosophy, having given himself to that which is called natural, he was seized with an extraordinary desire and longing to visit and see the great island; for so they call the continent inhabited by us. After therefore his thirty years were passed and his successors arrived, having taken leave of all his relations and friends, he put to sea, in other respects soberly and moderately equipped, but having good store of voyage-provision in vessels of gold. Now one day would not suffice to relate unto you in particular what adventures befell him, how many nations he visited, through how many countries he passed, how he searched into sacred writings, and was initiated in all holy confraternities and religious societies, as he himself recounted it to us, exactly particularizing every thing. But give ear, I pray you, to what concerns the present dispute. For he continued no small time at Carthage, a city not a little also esteemed by us, where he found certain sacred skins of parchment, which had been secretly conveyed thither when the old town was sacked, and had there long lain hidden under ground. Now he told me that, of all the Gods which appear to us in heaven, we ought chiefly to honor the Moon, and earnestly exhorted me to be diligent in venerating of her, as having the principal influence and dominion over our life.",
            "translator": "A. G., 1874",
            "source_id": "perseus-en",
            "translation_type": "historical_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Je n'avais pas encore tout à fait achevé mon discours lorsque Sylla m'interrompit : « Arrêtez, Lamprias, dit-il, et mettez un terme à votre discours, de peur qu'en faisant, comme on dit, échouer le vaisseau de votre récit, vous ne confondiez et ne gâtiez toute la pièce, dont la scène et l'ordonnance sont maintenant différentes. Je serai donc moi-même l'acteur, mais, avant d'entrer dans mon rôle, je vous ferai connaître le poète ou l'auteur. Je commencerai, si rien ne s'y oppose, par ce passage d'Homère :\n\nUne île, Ogygie, repose dans les bras de l'Océan,\n\nà environ cinq jours de navigation à l'ouest de la Bretagne. Devant elle se trouvent trois autres îles, à égale distance les unes des autres et de celle-là, dans la direction du nord-ouest, là où le soleil se couche en été.\n\nDans l'une de ces îles, les barbares racontent que Saturne est retenu prisonnier par Jupiter. Celui-ci, en qualité de fils et de gardien de ces îles et de la mer voisine, appelée mer Saturnienne, a son siège un peu plus bas. Le continent qui environne circulairement la grande mer se trouve à environ cinq mille stades d'Ogygie, mais moins loin des autres îles. Les hommes ont coutume de s'y rendre à la rame dans des galères, car la mer y est peu profonde et basse, et les grands navires la franchissent difficilement à cause de la vase qu'y apporte une multitude de fleuves. Descendant du continent, ils s'y déversent et y forment de grands bancs et hauts-fonds qui obstruent le passage et le rendent difficilement navigable. De là vint autrefois l'opinion que cette mer était gelée.\n\nEn outre, les côtes maritimes de ce continent sont habitées par des Grecs autour d'un golfe à peine plus petit que la Méotide, dont l'embouchure se trouve exactement en face de celle de la mer Caspienne. Ils se nomment et se considèrent comme les habitants de la terre ferme, et nous appellent tous insulaires, parce que nous habitons une terre environnée et baignée de tous côtés par la mer. Ils pensent que ceux qui vinrent jadis avec Hercule et furent laissés là par lui se mêlèrent au peuple de Saturne et relevèrent la nation grecque, qui avait presque disparu, soumise et supplantée par la langue, les lois et les mœurs des barbares. Ils la firent refleurir et recouvrer sa vigueur première. Aussi rendent-ils en ce lieu le premier honneur à Hercule, et le second à Saturne.\n\nLorsque l'astre de Saturne, que nous appelons Phaenon et qu'ils nomment Nycturus, entre dans le signe du Taureau, comme il le fait une fois tous les trente ans, ils préparent longtemps tout ce qui est nécessaire à un sacrifice solennel et à un long voyage maritime, puis envoient ceux que le sort désigne ramer sur cette vaste mer et séjourner très longtemps dans des pays étrangers. Après s'être embarqués et avoir pris le large, ces hommes connaissent des aventures diverses, les uns d'une manière, les autres d'une autre.\n\nCeux qui ont traversé sans dommage les périls de la mer abordent d'abord les îles opposées, habitées par les Grecs. Ils y voient que, pendant trente jours, le soleil est à peine caché une heure entière. Telle est leur nuit, dont l'obscurité est faible, car le coucher du soleil y laisse un crépuscule semblable à l'aurore. Ils y demeurent quatre-vingt-dix jours, pendant lesquels on les comble de soins et d'honneurs, parce qu'ils sont tenus et appelés saints. Ensuite, les vents les conduisent et les transportent dans l'île de Saturne, où il n'y a pas d'autres habitants qu'eux-mêmes et ceux qui y ont été envoyés avant eux.\n\nBien qu'il leur soit permis, après avoir servi Saturne pendant trente ans, de rentrer dans leur pays et leur demeure, la plupart préfèrent rester paisiblement sur place. Les uns y sont déjà accoutumés. Les autres y trouvent sans travail ni peine une abondance de toutes choses, tant pour offrir les sacrifices et célébrer les fêtes solennelles que pour subvenir aux dépenses ordinaires de ceux qui se consacrent sans cesse à l'étude du savoir et de la philosophie. Ils affirment que la nature de l'île et la douceur de l'air qui l'environne sont admirables. Certaines personnes, qui avaient l'intention de partir, en furent empêchées par la Divinité ou le Génie du lieu, qui se montra à elles comme à ses amis familiers et à ses connaissances, non seulement dans des rêves et par des signes extérieurs, mais encore en leur apparaissant visiblement par l'intermédiaire d'esprits familiers qui s'entretenaient et conversaient avec elles.\n\nIls disent en effet que Saturne en personne réside là, endormi dans la profonde caverne d'un rocher creux qui brille comme l'or fin. Jupiter lui a préparé le sommeil en guise de liens et de chaînes, pour l'empêcher de remuer. Au sommet de ce rocher se trouvent certains oiseaux qui descendent en volant et lui apportent de l'ambroisie. L'île entière est emplie d'une fragrance et d'un parfum admirables qui se répandent partout depuis cette caverne, comme depuis une source odoriférante.\n\nCes Démons servent Saturne et exercent auprès de lui leur ministère, ayant été ses courtisans et ses plus proches serviteurs lorsqu'il détenait l'empire et exerçait l'autorité royale sur les hommes et les dieux. Possédant la science de la divination des événements futurs, ils prédisent d'eux-mêmes beaucoup de choses. Mais ils annoncent les plus grandes et les plus importantes lorsqu'ils reviennent après avoir assisté Saturne et qu'ils révèlent ses songes. Car tout ce que Jupiter prémédite, Saturne le rêve. Ses réveils sont en lui des passions ou des perturbations titaniques de l'âme, que le sommeil maîtrise entièrement afin que la nature royale et divine demeure pure et sans souillure en elle-même.\n\nCet étranger, après avoir été conduit là et y avoir servi le dieu dans le repos et à son aise, acquit une connaissance de l'astrologie aussi grande qu'il est possible à quiconque d'en obtenir après avoir accompli les plus grands progrès en géométrie. Pour le reste de la philosophie, il s'était adonné à celle que l'on appelle naturelle. Il fut saisi d'un désir et d'une aspiration extraordinaires de visiter et de voir la grande île, car c'est ainsi qu'ils appellent le continent que nous habitons.\n\nLorsque ses trente années furent achevées et que ses successeurs furent arrivés, il prit congé de tous ses parents et amis, puis s'embarqua. À tous autres égards, son équipement était sobre et modéré, mais il emportait une bonne réserve de provisions de voyage dans des vases d'or. Un jour ne suffirait pas pour vous raconter en détail toutes les aventures qui lui survinrent, combien de nations il visita, combien de pays il traversa, comment il étudia les écrits sacrés et fut initié à toutes les confréries saintes et sociétés religieuses. Il nous le raconta lui-même en précisant exactement chaque chose.\n\nMais prêtez l'oreille, je vous prie, à ce qui concerne la présente discussion. Il séjourna assez longtemps à Carthage, ville que nous tenons nous aussi en haute estime. Il y trouva certaines peaux sacrées de parchemin, qui avaient été secrètement transportées là lors du sac de l'ancienne ville et étaient restées longtemps cachées sous terre. Il me dit alors que, de tous les dieux qui nous apparaissent dans le ciel, nous devions honorer principalement la Lune. Il m'exhorta vivement à la vénérer avec diligence, parce qu'elle exerce sur notre vie l'influence et la domination principales. »",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-13",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
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}