{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-work-v1",
    "id": "diogenes.plutarch_alexander",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/plutarch-alexander/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Life of Alexander, Chapter 14: The Encounter with Diogenes, by Plutarch",
    "author": "Plutarch",
    "date": "c. 96-120 CE",
    "summary": "Plutarch tells the celebrated encounter in which Diogenes asks Alexander to stop blocking his sunlight. The scene opposes conquest to sufficiency and makes the king recognize a freedom his power can neither grant nor purchase.",
    "learning": "Interpret the contrast between power and independence, analyze biographical character-building, and measure the distance between exemplary anecdote and established event.",
    "long_summary": "The episode draws force from brevity: a ruler surrounded by courtiers offers anything, while the philosopher asks only that an obstacle be removed. Alexander’s response turns affront into admiration and fixes the moral portrait of both men.\n\nPlutarch composed the biography centuries after the alleged event. The account belongs to his art of character and to an already developed anecdotal tradition. It should be read as an exemplary scene of reception, not a secure transcript of the encounter.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Classical Greek world, 5th century BCE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Bronze, iron, pottery, simple cranes, and shipbuilding sustain cities. Power still comes mainly from people, animals, wind, and water.",
        "science": "Geometry, astronomy, inquiry into nature, and rational argument advance without modern measuring instruments or standardized experiments.",
        "medicine": "Practitioners observe symptoms, diet, and seasons; healing sanctuaries and ritual treatment also remain common.",
        "transport": "Walking and animals dominate on land. Sailing ships and triremes connect islands, ports, and colonies.",
        "agriculture": "Small farms, grain, vines, olives, goats, and sheep shape the diet; harvests remain vulnerable to weather and war.",
        "communication": "Public speech, messengers, and handwritten letters carry news. Theatre, the civic square, and the banquet are major social media.",
        "clothing": "Women and men drape wool or linen as chitons, peploi, and cloaks. Garments are pinned, belted, and shaped by status rather than tailored like modern clothes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
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            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Bronze, iron, pottery, simple cranes, and shipbuilding sustain cities. Power still comes mainly from people, animals, wind, and water. Geometry, astronomy, inquiry into nature, and rational argument advance without modern measuring instruments or standardized experiments. Practitioners observe symptoms, diet, and seasons; healing sanctuaries and ritual treatment also remain common."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking and animals dominate on land. Sailing ships and triremes connect islands, ports, and colonies. Public speech, messengers, and handwritten letters carry news. Theatre, the civic square, and the banquet are major social media."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Small farms, grain, vines, olives, goats, and sheep shape the diet; harvests remain vulnerable to weather and war."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Women and men drape wool or linen as chitons, peploi, and cloaks. Garments are pinned, belted, and shaped by status rather than tailored like modern clothes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "label": "Greek and Roman traditions"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/diogenes/plutarch_alexander/representations/grc.ndjson",
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            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/diogenes/plutarch_alexander/representations/en.ndjson",
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            "role": "translation",
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            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/diogenes/plutarch_alexander/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
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            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
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            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
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    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "desire",
            "label": "Desire",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "fear",
            "label": "Fear",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "fortune",
            "label": "Fortune",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "freedom",
            "label": "Freedom",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "friendship",
            "label": "Friendship",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "god",
            "label": "God",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "law",
            "label": "Law",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature",
            "count": 1
        },
        {
            "id": "philosophical_eros",
            "label": "Philosophical eros",
            "count": 1
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            "label": "Prophecy",
            "count": 1
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    "source_work_ids": [
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    "passages": 1,
    "word_count": 378,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 378,
        "fr": 352,
        "grc": 250
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    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "diogenes-carrier-explicit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "carrier_reference",
                "label_fr": "Référence du témoin",
                "label_en": "Carrier reference"
            }
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        "leaf_fr": "Témoignage",
        "leaf_en": "Testimony"
    },
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}