{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "plutarch.table_talk",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/plutarch/table-talk/reference-6-2-1/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Table Talk",
    "author": "Plutarch",
    "date": "late 1st to early 2nd century CE; internal order uncertain",
    "summary": "Table Talk observes character in action and tests moral rules against concrete situations.",
    "learning": "To read Table Talk, isolate the decisive action, distinguish character from fortune, then compare its consequence with that of a neighboring course of conduct.",
    "long_summary": "The dialogue sets several voices against one another without turning every utterance into Plutarch’s personal doctrine. Setting, speakers, and the inquiry’s progression are part of the evidence.\n\nCanonical identity follows the critical Greek CTS divisions. The historical English translation and AI-generated French remain distinct, labeled manifestations. Questions arise from the meal and circulate among guests; the inquiry's sociability matters as much as its conclusion.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "World of 1989",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet.",
        "science": "Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration.",
        "medicine": "CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits.",
        "transport": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods.",
        "agriculture": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs.",
        "communication": "Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic.",
        "clothing": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Personal computers, satellites, video, industrial robots, and expensive mobile phones exist, but the public Web does not yet. Computing, genetics, climate science, cosmology, and medical imaging produce growing data and international collaboration. CT, MRI, transplantation, vaccines, and intensive care advance; the AIDS epidemic exposes both medical capacity and its limits."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Cars, high-speed rail, metros, aircraft, and containers globalize people and goods. Fixed telephones, fax, television, radio, and newspapers predominate. Email and computer networks remain mainly professional or academic."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Machinery, chemical inputs, breeding, and cold chains support high yields with increasingly debated social and environmental costs."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/30-1989-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Loose suits, jeans, trainers, women’s power suits, sportswear, and urban subcultures create highly varied silhouettes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "platonism",
        "label": "Socratic and Platonic thought"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plutarch/table_talk/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 260,
            "role": "complete_aligned_work",
            "sha256": "3ffd54ef37a2e5237502158e4645648cd3602af003e82ba194d7ad8489b1752e",
            "source_id": "perseus-grc"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plutarch/table_talk/representations/en.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 260,
            "role": "complete_aligned_work",
            "sha256": "be8ab794ce81be237148d33a9eeb631a8999bf4a79c5990500c6c7c0e62bad5e",
            "source_id": "perseus-en"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/plutarch/table_talk/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-13",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 260,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "134f69c970f08ff75ea5f4549a30c50d53ddab2f89703a1060b1088ac473f9d5",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "comparative_character",
            "label": "Comparative character"
        },
        {
            "id": "education",
            "label": "Education"
        },
        {
            "id": "ether_field",
            "label": "Ether and field"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "friendship",
            "label": "Friendship"
        },
        {
            "id": "reason",
            "label": "Reason"
        },
        {
            "id": "sin",
            "label": "Sin"
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time"
        },
        {
            "id": "wisdom",
            "label": "Wisdom"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "plutarch.table_talk"
    ],
    "passages": 260,
    "word_count": 83198,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 83198,
        "fr": 85181,
        "grc": 60934
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "plutarch-table-talk-book-question-section-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "book",
                "label_fr": "Livre",
                "label_en": "Book"
            },
            {
                "key": "question",
                "label_fr": "Question",
                "label_en": "Question"
            },
            {
                "key": "section",
                "label_fr": "Section",
                "label_en": "Section"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Section",
        "leaf_en": "Section"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:plutarch.table_talk:6.2.1",
    "canonical_ref": "6.2.1",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "grc",
            "text": "λεχθέντων δὲ τούτων, οἱ περὶ Φίλωνα ἰατροὶ τὴν πρώτην θέσιν ἐκίνουν· ἐνδείᾳ γὰρ οὐ γίγνεσθαι τὸ δίψος, ἀλλὰ πόρων τινῶν μετασχηματισμῷ. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ οἱ νύκτωρ διψῶντες, ἂν ἐπικαταδάρθωσι , παύονται τοῦ διψῆν μὴ πιόντες· τοῦτο δʼ οἱ πυρέττοντες, ἐνδόσεως γενομένης ἢ παντάπασι τοῦ πυρετοῦ λωφήσαντος, καὶ ἅμα τοῦ διψῆν ἀπαλλάττονται· πολλοῖς δὲ λουσαμένοις καὶ νὴ Δίʼ ἐμέσασιν ἑτέροις λήγει τὸ δίψος. ὧν ὑπʼ οὐδενὸς αὔξεται τὸ ὑγρόν, ἀλλὰ μόνον οἱ πόροι παρέχουσι, πάσχοντές τι τῷ μετασχηματίζεσθαι, τάξιν ἑτέραν καὶ διάθεσιν. ἐκδηλότερον δὲ τοῦτο γίγνεται περὶ τὴν πεῖναν· ἐνδεεῖς γὰρ ἅμα πολλοὶ γίνονται καὶ ἀνόρεκτοι τῶν νοσούντων· ἐνίοις δʼ ἐμπιπλαμένοις οὐδὲ ἓν αἱ ὀρέξεις χαλῶσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατατείνουσι καὶ παραμένουσιν. ἤδη δὲ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀποσίτων ἐλαίαν ἁλμάδα λαμβάνοντες ἢ κάππαριν γευσάμενοι ταχέως ἀνέλαβον καὶ παρεστήσαντο τὴν ὄρεξιν. ᾧ καὶ μάλιστα δῆλόν ἐστιν, ὅτι πάθει τινὶ πόρων οὐχ ὑπʼ ἐνδείας ἐγγίγνεται τὸ πεινῆν ἡμῖν· τὰ· γὰρ τοιαῦτα βρώματα τὴν μὲν ἔνδειαν ἐλαττοῖ προστιθεμένης τροφῆς, τὸ δὲ πεινῆν ποιοῦσιν · οὕτως αἱ τῶν ἐφάλμων βρωμάτων εὐστομίαι καὶ δριμύτητες ἐπιστρέφουσαι καὶ πυκνοῦσαι τὸν στόμαχον ἢ πάλιν ἀνοίγουσαι καὶ χαλῶσαι δεκτικήν τινα τροφῆς εὐαρμοστίαν περιειργάσαντο περὶ αὐτόν, ἣν ὄρεξιν καλοῦμεν .",
            "source_id": "perseus-grc",
            "translation_type": "critical_original_language"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "AFTER these things were spoke, Philo the physician started the first question, asserting that thirst did not arise from the want of nourishment, but from the different transfiguration of certain passages. For, says he, this may be made evident, partly from what we see happens to those that thirst in the night, who, if sleep chance to steal upon them, though they did not drink before, are yet rid of their thirst; partly from persons in a fever, who, as soon as the disease abates or is removed, thirst no more. Nay, a great many men, after they have bathed or vomited, perceive presently that their thirst is gone; yet none of these add any thing to their former moisture, but only the transfiguration of the pores causeth a new order and disposition. And this is more evident in hunger; for many sick persons, at the same time when they have the greatest need of meat, have no stomach. Others, after they have filled their bellies, have the same stomachs, and their appetites are rather increased than abated. There are a great many besides who loathe all sorts of diet, yet by taking of a pickled olive or caper recover and confirm their lost appetites. This doth clearly evince, that hunger proceeds from some change in the pores, and not from any want of sustenance, forasmuch as such kind of food lessens the defect by adding food, but increases the hunger; and the pleasing relish and poignancy of such pickles, by binding and straitening the mouth of the ventricle, and again by opening and loosening of it, beget in it a convenient disposition to receive meat, which we call by the name of appetite.",
            "translator": "Thomas Creech, 1874",
            "source_id": "perseus-en",
            "translation_type": "historical_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "APRÈS ces propos, le médecin Philon souleva la première question, soutenant que la soif ne provenait pas d'un manque de nourriture, mais d'une modification de la forme de certains conduits. On peut, dit-il, le mettre en évidence d'une part par ce que nous voyons arriver à ceux qui ont soif pendant la nuit: si le sommeil vient à les gagner, bien qu'ils n'aient pas bu auparavant, ils sont néanmoins délivrés de leur soif; d'autre part par le cas des fiévreux, qui cessent d'avoir soif dès que la maladie s'atténue ou disparaît. Bien plus, quantité de gens, après s'être baignés ou avoir vomi, constatent aussitôt que leur soif s'en est allée; aucun d'eux n'ajoute pourtant quoi que ce soit à l'humidité qu'il possédait auparavant: seule la transformation des pores y produit un ordre et une disposition nouveaux. Cela est plus manifeste encore dans la faim. Beaucoup de malades n'ont aucun appétit au moment même où ils ont le plus grand besoin de nourriture. D'autres, après s'être rempli le ventre, conservent le même appétit, qui se trouve même accru plutôt qu'apaisé. Beaucoup encore éprouvent du dégoût pour toute espèce d'aliment, mais il leur suffit de manger une olive marinée ou une câpre pour retrouver et affermir leur appétit perdu. Cela montre clairement que la faim procède d'un changement survenu dans les pores, et non d'un manque de nourriture, puisque de tels aliments diminuent la déficience par l'apport de nourriture, mais augmentent la faim. La saveur agréable et le piquant de ces condiments, en resserrant et contractant l'orifice de l'estomac, puis en l'ouvrant et le relâchant, y font naître une disposition propre à recevoir la nourriture, que nous appelons appétit.",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-13",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "27209eac873c3461b22d75b44a591dc5f081a54d19a622a45444a69d078a5ea1"
}