{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "diogenes.pseudo_epistles",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/pseudo-diogenes/pseudo-epistles/reference-19/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Pseudo-Diogenic Epistles",
    "author": "Pseudo-Diogenes",
    "date": "late Hellenistic or Imperial period, 1st century BCE-2nd century CE",
    "summary": "These letters transmitted under Diogenes’ name dramatize Cynic frankness, contempt for wealth, and freedom before rulers. Their attribution is conventional: they belong to a literary tradition later than the historical philosopher.",
    "learning": "Recognize conventions of the philosophical letter, follow the construction of a Cynic voice, and avoid confusing manuscript attribution with historical authorship.",
    "long_summary": "Epistolary form gives doctrine a situation and addressee. Advice, refusals, and provocative replies construct a Diogenes consistent with the anecdotal image, turning voluntary poverty and exile into signs of independence.\n\nThat consistency is itself an effect of reception. The texts are not personal archives and guarantee neither their setting nor displayed author. They show how later writers extended a Cynic voice considered exemplary.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Classical Greek world, 5th century BCE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Bronze, iron, pottery, simple cranes, and shipbuilding sustain cities. Power still comes mainly from people, animals, wind, and water.",
        "science": "Geometry, astronomy, inquiry into nature, and rational argument advance without modern measuring instruments or standardized experiments.",
        "medicine": "Practitioners observe symptoms, diet, and seasons; healing sanctuaries and ritual treatment also remain common.",
        "transport": "Walking and animals dominate on land. Sailing ships and triremes connect islands, ports, and colonies.",
        "agriculture": "Small farms, grain, vines, olives, goats, and sheep shape the diet; harvests remain vulnerable to weather and war.",
        "communication": "Public speech, messengers, and handwritten letters carry news. Theatre, the civic square, and the banquet are major social media.",
        "clothing": "Women and men drape wool or linen as chitons, peploi, and cloaks. Garments are pinned, belted, and shaped by status rather than tailored like modern clothes."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Bronze, iron, pottery, simple cranes, and shipbuilding sustain cities. Power still comes mainly from people, animals, wind, and water. Geometry, astronomy, inquiry into nature, and rational argument advance without modern measuring instruments or standardized experiments. Practitioners observe symptoms, diet, and seasons; healing sanctuaries and ritual treatment also remain common."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "Walking and animals dominate on land. Sailing ships and triremes connect islands, ports, and colonies. Public speech, messengers, and handwritten letters carry news. Theatre, the civic square, and the banquet are major social media."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Small farms, grain, vines, olives, goats, and sheep shape the diet; harvests remain vulnerable to weather and war."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/03-431-bce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Women and men drape wool or linen as chitons, peploi, and cloaks. Garments are pinned, belted, and shaped by status rather than tailored like modern clothes."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
        "label": "Greek and Roman traditions"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "grc",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/diogenes/pseudo_epistles/representations/grc.ndjson",
            "language": "grc",
            "records": 51,
            "role": "original",
            "sha256": "e4f26fd70e440910e826dffae0dfc59da8dec5fdf75d14878f7a589a34ba3be6",
            "source_id": "pseudo-letters-grc"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/diogenes/pseudo_epistles/representations/ai-generated/en-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "en",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 51,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "61e0672dd868238b9da5049f680d2b102408bdf5a379469c1c7b0d4cb604d175",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        },
        {
            "coverage": "complete",
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/diogenes/pseudo_epistles/representations/ai-generated/fr-gpt-5-6-sol-corpus-passage-translation-v1.ndjson",
            "generated_on": "2026-09-11",
            "language": "fr",
            "model": "gpt-5.6-sol",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "prompt_version": "corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "provider": "codex_subscription",
            "records": 51,
            "role": "ai_generated_translation_non_official",
            "sha256": "bfb30bad977c9439f4defbf41ae809cf83a35c82e55d367ed6c792276bf890eb",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "freedom",
            "label": "Freedom"
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature"
        },
        {
            "id": "philosophical_eros",
            "label": "Philosophical eros"
        },
        {
            "id": "simple_living",
            "label": "Simple living"
        },
        {
            "id": "virtue",
            "label": "Virtue"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "diogenes.pseudo_epistles"
    ],
    "passages": 51,
    "word_count": 10974,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 10974,
        "fr": 11335,
        "grc": 8885
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "diogenes-carrier-explicit-v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "carrier_reference",
                "label_fr": "Référence du témoin",
                "label_en": "Carrier reference"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Témoignage",
        "leaf_en": "Testimony"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:diogenes.pseudo_epistles:19",
    "canonical_ref": "19",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "grc",
            "text": "Πυθαγόρας ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν Εὔφορβον γεγενῆσθαι τὸν Πάνθου, ἐγὼ δὲ νέον ἐμαυτὸν ἐπέγνων Ἀγαμέμνονα· σκῆπτρόν τε γάρ ἐστί μου τὸ βάκτρον καὶ χλαμὺς ὁ διπλοῦς τρίβων, ἡ δὲ πήρα παρὰ δέρματος ἀλλαγὴν ἀσπίς. εἰ δὲ μὴ καρηκομόω, ** νέος ἦν ὁ Ἀγαμέμνων, γέρων δ’ ἂν γενόμενος ἐψιλοκόρρησε. τοιαῦτα γὰρ ἄξιον καὶ φρονεῖν καὶ λέγειν πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸς ἔφα λέγοντα.",
            "translator": "Rudolf Hercher, editor",
            "edition": "pseudo-letters-grc",
            "source_id": "pseudo-letters-grc",
            "translation_type": "original"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Pythagoras said that he had once been Euphorbus, son of Panthous. I have recognized myself as a new Agamemnon: my stick is a scepter, my doubled coarse cloak a chlamys, and my pouch, by exchange for a hide, a shield. If I do not wear my hair long, [...]. Agamemnon was young, but had he grown old he would have cropped his hair short. Such are the things it is fitting both to think and to say to the man who says, \"He himself said it.\"",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Pythagore disait avoir été Euphorbe, fils de Panthoos. Moi, je me suis reconnu comme un nouvel Agamemnon: mon bâton est un sceptre, mon manteau grossier plié en deux est une chlamyde, et ma besace, substituée à une peau, est un bouclier. Si je ne porte pas les cheveux longs, ** Agamemnon était jeune; devenu vieux, il se serait rasé le crâne. Voilà ce qu’il convient de penser et de dire à celui qui répète: «Lui-même l’a dit.»",
            "translator": "Codex gpt-5.6-sol",
            "edition": "Prokopton42 non-official AI translation, 2026-09-11",
            "source_id": "prokopton42-codex-translation:gpt-5.6-sol:corpus-passage-translation-v1",
            "translation_type": "ai_generated_translation",
            "official_status": "non_official",
            "generation_model": "gpt-5.6-sol"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "b2c55e8dc6e8c01ad85c434a805c3f9c666fdecbc21278cb2758d4184786c410"
}