# On Benefits

- Identifiant : `seneca.de_beneficiis`
- Auteur : Seneca
- URL canonique : https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-beneficiis/livre-3/passage-12/
- Empreinte : `3034402b6990ab2e0d05e35e8df335256cf3f619c86db03698d4bcf508d07e3e`

## Passage 3.12

### Latin

Quaedam magno dantibus constant, quaedam accipientibus magna sunt, sed gratuita tribuentibus. Quaedam amicis data sunt, quaedam ignotis ; plus est, quamvis idem detur, si ei datur, quem nosse a beneficio tuo incipis. Hic auxilia tribuit, ille ornamenta, ille solacia. Invenies, qui nihil putet esse iucundius, nihil maius quam habere, in quo calamitas adquiescat; invenies rursus, qui dignitati suae, quam securitati consuli malit ; est, qui plus ei debere se iudicet, per quem tutior est, quam ei, per quem honestior. Proinde ista maiora aut minora erunt, prout fuerit iudex aut huc aut illo inclinatus animo. Praeterea creditorem mihi ipse eligo, beneficium saepe ab eo accipio, a quo nolo, et aliquando ignorans obligor. Quid facies ? Ingratum vocabis eum, cui beneficium inscio et, si scisset, non accepturo impositum est ? Non vocabis eum, qui utcumque acceptum non reddidit ? Aliquis dedit mihi beneficium, sed idem postea fecit iniuriam. Utrum uno munere ad patientiam iniuriarum omnium adstringor, an proinde erit, ac si gratiam rettulerim, quia beneficium suum ipse insequenti iniuria rescidit ? Quomodo deinde aestimabis, utrum plus sit, quod accepit, an quo laesus est ? Dies me deficiet omnes difficultates persequi temptantem.

### English

Some benefits cost much to the givers, some are of much value to the receivers but cost the givers nothing. Some are bestowed upon friends, others on strangers: now although that which is given be the same, yet it becomes more when it is given to one with whom you are beginning to be acquainted through the benefits which you have previously conferred upon him. One man may give us help, another distinctions, a third consolation. You may find one who thinks nothing pleasanter or more important than to have some one to save him from distress; you may again find one who would rather be helped to great place than to security; while some consider themselves more indebted to those who save their lives than to those who save their honour. Each of these services will be held more or less important, according as the disposition of our judge inclines to one or the other of them. Besides this, I choose my creditors for myself, whereas I often receive benefits from those from whom I would not, and sometimes I am laid under an obligation without my knowledge. What will you do in such a case? When a man has received a benefit unknown to himself, and which, had he known of it, he would have refused to receive, will you call him ungrateful if he does not repay it, however he may have received it? Suppose that some one has bestowed a benefit upon me, and that the same man has afterwards done me some wrong; am I to be bound by his one bounty to endure with patience any wrong that he may do me, or will it be the same as if I had repaid it, because he himself has by the subsequent wrong cancelled his own benefit? How, in that case, would you decide which was the greater; the present which the man has received, or the injury which has been done him? Time would fail me if I attempted to discuss all the difficulties which would arise.

### French

Il est des choses qui coûtent beaucoup à ceux qui les donnent : d’autres sont beaucoup pour ceux qui les reçoivent et ne coûtent rien à donner. Parfois c’est un ami, et parfois un inconnu que l’on oblige. Le don est plus grand, à valeur égale, si c’est de ce don même que datent nos relations. On nous apporte tantôt des secours, tantôt des honneurs, tantôt des consolations. Il y a tel homme qui n’imagine rien de plus doux que de rencontrer un cœur où reposer son infortune. Tel autre, en revanche, aimera mieux qu’on s’occupe de son élévation que de sa vie même ; un troisième croira devoir plus à son libérateur qu’à l’auteur de son avancement. Toutes ces choses auront plus ou moins de prix, selon que le penchant du juge inclinera vers l’une ou vers l’autre. Et puis, je choisis moi-même mon créancier ; mais un bienfait, souvent je le reçois de qui je ne l’eusse pas voulu ; parfois même c’est à mon insu qu’on m’oblige. Que feras-tu ? M’appelleras-tu ingrat si l’on m’a, sans mon aveu, grevé d’un bienfait que sciemment je n’eusse point accepté ; ou ne m’appelleras-tu point ingrat si je n’ai pas rendu ce qu’après tout j’aurai reçu ?