{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-passage-v1",
    "id": "seneca.de_ira",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/en/works/seneca/de-ira/livre-3/passage-34/",
    "language": "en",
    "title": "On Anger",
    "author": "Seneca",
    "date": "c. 41-52 CE",
    "summary": "Seneca analyzes anger as a desire to punish a perceived wrong and denies that it is useful energy for virtue. The treatise examines its causes, political and domestic damage, and exercises for preventing or slowing its onset.",
    "learning": "Reconstruct the definition of anger, distinguish first impulse from assent, and examine the functions of delay and self-review.",
    "long_summary": "The opening books confront rival definitions and maintain that reason can act firmly without punitive passion. Stories of tyrants, wars, and family violence show an emotion magnifying offence, accelerating judgement, and becoming difficult to stop.\n\nThe final movement advises delay, daily examination, knowledge of vulnerabilities, and prudent choice of situations. Seneca distinguishes involuntary impulse from assent sustaining anger. His practical resources aim at gradual transformation, not instant removal of every emotion.",
    "historical_context": "The corpus manifests do not yet establish the precise place and circumstances of composition. The images below document the author’s world or the text’s transmission. They do not claim to show the exact scene of writing.",
    "material_world_label": "Roman world, 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE",
    "material_world": {
        "technology": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood.",
        "science": "Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory.",
        "medicine": "Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist.",
        "transport": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky.",
        "agriculture": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour.",
        "communication": "Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand.",
        "clothing": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
    },
    "material_world_scenes": [
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-01.webp",
            "title": "Technology, science, and care",
            "description": "Paved roads, aqueducts, concrete, glassware, mills, and hypocaust heating equip some cities, but energy comes mainly from bodies, animals, water, and wood. Astronomy, geometry, natural history, and engineering compile Greek, Egyptian, and Roman knowledge. Measurement exists without a modern laboratory. Physicians, midwives, baths, plants, and rudimentary surgery can help; reliable anaesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics do not exist."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-02.webp",
            "title": "Travel and communication",
            "description": "On foot, horseback, cart, or ship, road and sea networks connect the Empire. Travel remains slow, costly, and risky. Imperial couriers, letters on papyrus or tablets, inscriptions, and oral proclamations spread information. Everything is copied by hand."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-03.webp",
            "title": "Farming and food",
            "description": "Grain, vines, olives, pulses, and livestock supply cities and armies; estates, slavery, and tenancy organize part of the labour."
        },
        {
            "asset": "/assets/timeline/landmarks/09-54-ce/world-04.webp",
            "title": "Clothing, women and men",
            "description": "Tunics and cloaks are common to both sexes; the stola, toga, footwear, colours, and jewellery mark citizenship, office, wealth, and origin."
        }
    ],
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "stoicism",
        "label": "Stoicism"
    },
    "period": {
        "id": "ancient",
        "label": "Antiquity"
    },
    "languages": [
        "lat",
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "manifestations": [
        {
            "annotation_file": "data/corpus/normalized/seneca/de-ira/annotations/lat-perseus-editorial-notes.ndjson",
            "annotation_records": 40,
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/seneca/de-ira/representations/lat-perseus-lat2.ndjson",
            "language": "lat",
            "records": 100,
            "role": "original",
            "source_id": "perseus.seneca.de_ira.perseus_lat2"
        },
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/seneca/de-ira/representations/en-stewart.ndjson",
            "language": "en",
            "records": 100,
            "source_id": "project-gutenberg.seneca.aubrey-stewart-minor-dialogues-1889",
            "translator": "Aubrey Stewart"
        },
        {
            "file": "data/corpus/normalized/seneca/de-ira/representations/fr-baillard.ndjson",
            "language": "fr",
            "records": 100,
            "source_id": "baillard-1914-wikisource-fr",
            "translator": "Joseph Baillard"
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "affects",
            "label": "Affects"
        },
        {
            "id": "anger",
            "label": "Anger"
        },
        {
            "id": "care_of_soul",
            "label": "Care of the soul"
        },
        {
            "id": "community",
            "label": "Community"
        },
        {
            "id": "desire",
            "label": "Desire"
        },
        {
            "id": "dukkha",
            "label": "Dukkha"
        },
        {
            "id": "faith",
            "label": "Faith"
        },
        {
            "id": "family",
            "label": "Family"
        },
        {
            "id": "friendship",
            "label": "Friendship"
        },
        {
            "id": "judgment",
            "label": "Judgment"
        },
        {
            "id": "law",
            "label": "Law"
        },
        {
            "id": "nature",
            "label": "Nature"
        },
        {
            "id": "philosophical_eros",
            "label": "Philosophical eros"
        },
        {
            "id": "roles",
            "label": "Roles and relationships"
        },
        {
            "id": "self_governance",
            "label": "Self-governance"
        },
        {
            "id": "slavery",
            "label": "Slavery"
        },
        {
            "id": "time",
            "label": "Time"
        }
    ],
    "source_work_ids": [
        "seneca.de_ira"
    ],
    "passages": 100,
    "word_count": 40088,
    "word_counts_by_language": {
        "en": 40088,
        "fr": 33894,
        "lat": 22309
    },
    "editorial_status": "gpt_5_6_semantic_draft_v1",
    "structure": {
        "citation_scheme": "seneca_treatise_book_chapter_v1",
        "kind": "native",
        "levels": [
            {
                "key": "book",
                "label_fr": "Livre",
                "label_en": "Book"
            },
            {
                "key": "chapter",
                "label_fr": "Chapitre",
                "label_en": "Chapter"
            }
        ],
        "leaf_fr": "Chapitre",
        "leaf_en": "Chapter"
    },
    "canonical_passage_id": "passage:seneca.de_ira:3.34",
    "canonical_ref": "3.34",
    "canonical_parent_ref": null,
    "canonical_parent_id": null,
    "representations": [
        {
            "language": "lat",
            "text": "Cedo nunc, persequere cetera, cibos, potiones horumque causa paratas in ambitionem munditias, verba contumeliosa, motus corporum parum honorificos, contumacia iumenta et pigra mancipia, et suspiciones et interpretationes malignas vocis alienae, quibus efficitur, ut inter iniurias naturae numeretur sermo homini datus. Crede mihi, levia sunt propter quae non leviter excandescimus, qualia quae pueros in rixam et iurgium concitant. Nihil ex is, quae tam tristes agimus, senum est, nihil magnum. Inde, inquam, vobis ira et insania est, quod exigua magno aestimatis. Auferre hic mihi hereditatem voluit; hic me diu in spem supremam captatis criminatus est; hic scortum meum concupivit. Quod vinculum amoris esse debebat, seditionis atque odi causa est, idem velle. Iter angustum rixas transeuntium concitat, diffusa et late patens via ne populos quidem collidit. Ista quae appetitis, quia exigua sunt nec possunt ad alterum nisi alteri erepta transferri, eadem affectantibus pugnas et iurgia excitant.",
            "edition": "Perseus canonical Latin TEI",
            "source_id": "perseus.seneca.de_ira.perseus_lat2",
            "translation_type": "original"
        },
        {
            "language": "en",
            "text": "Come now, let us enumerate the other causes of anger: they are food, drink, and the showy apparatus connected with them, words, insults, disrespectful movements of the body, suspicions, obstinate cattle, lazy slaves, and spiteful construction put upon other men’s words, so that even the gift of language to mankind becomes reckoned among the wrongs of nature. Believe me, the things which cause us such great heat are trifles, the sort of things that children fight and squabble over: there is nothing serious, nothing important in all that we do with such gloomy faces. It is, I repeat, the setting a great value on trifles that is the cause of your anger and madness. This man wanted to rob me of my inheritance, that one has brought a charge against me before persons whom I had long courted with great expectations, that one has coveted my mistress. A wish for the same things, which ought to have been a bond of friendship, becomes a source of quarrels and hatred. A narrow path causes quarrels among those who pass up and down it; a wide and broadly spread road may be used by whole tribes without jostling. Those objects of desire of yours cause strife and disputes among those who covet the same things, because they are petty, and cannot be given to one man without being taken away from another.",
            "translator": "Aubrey Stewart",
            "edition": "Minor Dialogues Together with the Dialogue on Clemency (1889)",
            "source_id": "project-gutenberg.seneca.aubrey-stewart-minor-dialogues-1889",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        },
        {
            "language": "fr",
            "text": "Voyons maintenant : parcours les autres causes de colère, le manger, le boire, et jusque dans ces choses des rivalités d’ambition, les recherches du costume, les mots piquants, les insultes, les attitudes peu respectueuses, les soupçons, l’indocilité d’une bête de somme, la paresse d’un esclave, l’interprétation maligne des propos d’autrui, qui ferait juger la parole comme un présent funeste de la nature. Crois-moi, ce sont choses légères qui nous fâchent si grièvement : les luttes et les querelles d’enfants n’ont pas de motifs plus frivoles. Dans tout ce que nous faisons avec une si triste gravité, rien de sérieux, rien de grand. Votre colère, encore une fois, votre folie vient de ce que vous faites trop grand cas de petites choses. « Tel a voulu m’enlever un héritage ; tel qui m’avait longtemps capté par l’espoir de son testament s’est fait mon accusateur ; tel a voulu séduire ma concubine. » Ce qui devait être un nœud d’amitié, la communauté de vouloir, devient un ferment de discorde et de haine.",
            "translator": "Joseph Baillard",
            "edition": "Œuvres complètes de Sénèque le Philosophe (1914)",
            "source_id": "baillard-1914-wikisource-fr",
            "translation_type": "historical_human_translation"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "1a5365fad26582b550694a62436f017b06c3d0fd104c39fbb8b88ed6cf9ebfed"
}