{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-concept-v1",
    "id": "elenchus",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/concepts/examen-refutatif/",
    "language": "fr",
    "title": "Examen réfutatif",
    "editorial_status": "substantive_editorial_draft",
    "definition_editorial_status": "agent_machine_evidence_assessed_draft_v1",
    "definition_evidence_passages": [
        "passage:socrates.plato_laches:189",
        "passage:plato.laches:189",
        "passage:socrates.xenophon_memorabilia:3.8"
    ],
    "summary": "L’examen réfutatif socratique teste une affirmation par questions jusqu’à révéler contradiction, imprécision ou ignorance.",
    "body": "Dans le corpus actuel, cette annotation relie 1 676 passages de 161 œuvres, notamment Papiers d’Abraham Lincoln: courrier reçu et documents de contexte, Témoignages et fragments d’Aristôn de Chios, Éthique à Eudème. Ces rapprochements donnent des points de comparaison vérifiables; ils ne supposent pas que chaque auteur emploie le concept dans le même sens.",
    "aliases": [
        "elenchus",
        "réfutation",
        "refutation",
        "cross-examine",
        "examiner",
        "ἐλεγχ"
    ],
    "statistics": {
        "works": 161,
        "passages": 1676,
        "thinkers": 31,
        "traditions": 11
    },
    "related_traditions": [
        {
            "id": "political-thought",
            "name": "Pensée politique et démocratie",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/pensee-politique-democratie/"
        },
        {
            "id": "stoicism",
            "name": "Stoïcisme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/stoicisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "greek-roman-traditions",
            "name": "Traditions grecques et romaines",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/traditions-grecques-romaines/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddhism",
            "name": "Bouddhisme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/bouddhisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "skepticism",
            "name": "Scepticisme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/scepticisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "chinese-thought",
            "name": "Pensées chinoises anciennes",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/pensees-chinoises/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epicureanism",
            "name": "Épicurisme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/epicurisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "modern-philosophy",
            "name": "Philosophie moderne et contemporaine",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/philosophie-moderne-contemporaine/"
        },
        {
            "id": "judaism",
            "name": "Judaïsme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/judaisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "platonism",
            "name": "Socratisme et platonisme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/socratisme-platonisme/"
        },
        {
            "id": "christianity",
            "name": "Christianisme",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/courants-de-pensee/christianisme/"
        }
    ],
    "related_works": [
        {
            "id": "abraham_lincoln.papers_context",
            "title": "Papiers d’Abraham Lincoln: courrier reçu et documents de contexte",
            "author": "Correspondants et dossier d’archive",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/abraham-lincoln-archive-correspondents/courrier-recu-et-contexte/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristo.testimonia_fragments",
            "title": "Témoignages et fragments d’Aristôn de Chios",
            "author": "Ariston de Chios",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristo/testimonia-fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.eudemian_ethics",
            "title": "Éthique à Eudème",
            "author": "Aristote",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristotle/eudemian-ethics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.metaphysics",
            "title": "Métaphysique",
            "author": "Aristote",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristotle/metaphysics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.nicomachean_ethics",
            "title": "Éthique à Nicomaque",
            "author": "Aristote",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristotle/nicomachean-ethics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.poetics",
            "title": "Poétique",
            "author": "Aristote",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristotle/poetics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.politics",
            "title": "Politique",
            "author": "Aristote",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristotle/politics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "aristotle.rhetoric",
            "title": "Rhétorique",
            "author": "Aristote",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristotle/rhetoric/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.anguttara_nikaya",
            "title": "Aṅguttara Nikāya: discours classés par nombres",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Bouddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/buddha/anguttara-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.majjhima_nikaya",
            "title": "Majjhima Nikāya: recueil des discours de longueur moyenne",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Bouddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/buddha/majjhima-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "buddha.samyutta_nikaya",
            "title": "Saṃyutta Nikāya: discours groupés par thèmes",
            "author": "Siddhartha Gautama / Bouddha",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/buddha/samyutta-nikaya/"
        },
        {
            "id": "carneades.ancient_testimonia",
            "title": "Témoignages antiques sur Carnéade",
            "author": "Carnéade",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/carneades/ancient-testimonia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "chrysippus.svf_2",
            "title": "SVF II : logique et physique de Chrysippe",
            "author": "Chrysippe",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/chrysippus/svf-2/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.academica",
            "title": "Académiques",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/academica/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.brutus",
            "title": "Brutus ou Des orateurs illustres",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/brutus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.letters_to_atticus",
            "title": "Lettres à Atticus",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/letters-to-atticus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.letters_to_friends",
            "title": "Lettres aux familiers",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/letters-to-friends/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.letters_to_quintus",
            "title": "Lettres à Quintus",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/letters-to-quintus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_finibus",
            "title": "Des fins des biens et des maux",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/de-finibus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.de_natura_deorum",
            "title": "De la nature des dieux",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/de-natura-deorum/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.philippics",
            "title": "Philippiques",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/philippics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "cicero.tusculan_disputations",
            "title": "Tusculanes",
            "author": "Cicéron",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/cicero/tusculan-disputations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "confucius.analects",
            "title": "Entretiens de Confucius (Lúnyǔ)",
            "author": "Confucius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/confucius/analects/"
        },
        {
            "id": "diogenes.dio_orations",
            "title": "Discours diogéniques de Dion Chrysostome",
            "author": "Dion Chrysostome",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/dion-chrysostome/dio-orations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "diogenes.pseudo_epistles",
            "title": "Lettres pseudo-diogéniques",
            "author": "Pseudo-Diogène",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/pseudo-diogene/pseudo-epistles/"
        },
        {
            "id": "elizabeth_carter.answers_to_objections",
            "title": "Réponses aux objections concernant la religion chrétienne, par Elizabeth Carter",
            "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/elizabeth-carter/answers-to-objections/"
        },
        {
            "id": "elizabeth_carter.talbot_letters",
            "title": "Lettres d’Elizabeth Carter à Catherine Talbot",
            "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/elizabeth-carter/talbot-letters/"
        },
        {
            "id": "elizabeth_carter.vesey_letters",
            "title": "Lettres d’Elizabeth Carter à Elizabeth Vesey",
            "author": "Elizabeth Carter",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/elizabeth-carter/vesey-letters/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epictetus.discourses",
            "title": "Entretiens d’Épictète, recueillis par Arrien",
            "author": "Épictète",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/epictete/discourses/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epictetus.doubtful_fragments",
            "title": "Fragments douteux et apocryphes attribués à Épictète",
            "author": "Épictète",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/epictete/doubtful-fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epicurus.letter_to_herodotus",
            "title": "Lettre à Hérodote",
            "author": "Épicure",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/epicure/letter-to-herodotus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epicurus.letter_to_menoeceus",
            "title": "Lettre à Ménécée",
            "author": "Épicure",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/epicure/lettre-a-menecee/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epicurus.vatican_sayings",
            "title": "Sentences vaticanes",
            "author": "Épicure",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/epicure/vatican-sayings/"
        },
        {
            "id": "heraclitus.fragments",
            "title": "Héraclite : fragments B de Diels",
            "author": "Héraclite",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/heraclitus/fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "locke.essay_human_understanding",
            "title": "Essai philosophique concernant l’entendement humain",
            "author": "John Locke",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/john-locke/essay-human-understanding/"
        },
        {
            "id": "locke.second_treatise",
            "title": "Second Traité du gouvernement civil",
            "author": "John Locke",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/john-locke/second-treatise/"
        },
        {
            "id": "marcus_aurelius.meditations",
            "title": "Pensées à moi-même",
            "author": "Marc Aurèle",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/marc-aurele/meditations/"
        },
        {
            "id": "montaigne.essais",
            "title": "Essais",
            "author": "Michel de Montaigne",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/montaigne/essais/"
        },
        {
            "id": "moses.deuteronomy",
            "title": "Deutéronome",
            "author": "Moïse",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/moses/deuteronomy/"
        },
        {
            "id": "moses.leviticus",
            "title": "Lévitique",
            "author": "Moïse",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/moses/leviticus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "moses.numbers",
            "title": "Nombres",
            "author": "Moïse",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/moses/numbers/"
        },
        {
            "id": "musonius_rufus.discourses",
            "title": "Entretiens de Musonius Rufus rapportés par Lucius",
            "author": "Musonius Rufus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/musonius-rufus/discourses/"
        },
        {
            "id": "panaetius.fowler_fragments",
            "title": "Fragments de Panétius dans l’édition Fowler",
            "author": "Panétius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/panaetius/fowler-fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.alcibiades_1",
            "title": "Premier Alcibiade",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/alcibiades-1/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.alcibiades_2",
            "title": "Second Alcibiade, dialogue pseudo-platonicien",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/alcibiades-2/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.apology",
            "title": "Apologie de Socrate",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.charmides",
            "title": "Charmide",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/charmides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.cratylus",
            "title": "Cratyle",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/cratylus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.critias",
            "title": "Critias",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/critias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.epinomis",
            "title": "Épinomis, appendice ancien aux Lois",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/epinomis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.epistles",
            "title": "Lettres attribuées à Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/epistles/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.euthydemus",
            "title": "Euthydème",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/euthydemus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.gorgias",
            "title": "Gorgias",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/gorgias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hippias_major",
            "title": "Hippias majeur",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/hippias-major/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.hippias_minor",
            "title": "Hippias mineur",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/hippias-minor/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.ion",
            "title": "Ion",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/ion/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.laches",
            "title": "Lachès",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/laches/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.laws",
            "title": "Les Lois",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/laws/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.lysis",
            "title": "Lysis",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/lysis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.meno",
            "title": "Ménon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.minos",
            "title": "Minos, dialogue pseudo-platonicien",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/minos/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.parmenides",
            "title": "Parménide",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/parmenides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.phaedo",
            "title": "Phédon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.phaedrus",
            "title": "Phèdre",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/phaedrus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.philebus",
            "title": "Philèbe",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/philebus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.protagoras",
            "title": "Protagoras",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/protagoras/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.republic",
            "title": "La République",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/republique/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.sophist",
            "title": "Le Sophiste",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/sophist/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.statesman",
            "title": "Le Politique",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/statesman/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.symposium",
            "title": "Le Banquet",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.theaetetus",
            "title": "Théétète",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/theaetetus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plato.theages",
            "title": "Théagès, dialogue d’attribution contestée",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/theages/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.alexander",
            "title": "Vie d’Alexandre",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/alexander/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.caesar",
            "title": "Vie de César",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/caesar/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.cato_younger",
            "title": "Vie de Caton le Jeune",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/cato-younger/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.progress_in_virtue",
            "title": "Comment reconnaître ses progrès dans la vertu",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/progress-in-virtue/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.how_young_man_should_study_poetry",
            "title": "Comment le jeune homme doit écouter les poètes",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/how-young-man-should-study-poetry/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.profit_from_enemies",
            "title": "Comment tirer profit de ses ennemis",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/profit-from-enemies/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.common_conceptions_against_stoics",
            "title": "Des notions communes contre les stoïciens",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/common-conceptions-against-stoics/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.on_curiosity",
            "title": "De la curiosité",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/on-curiosity/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.moral_virtue",
            "title": "De la vertu morale",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/moral-virtue/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.stoic_self_contradictions",
            "title": "Des contradictions des stoïciens",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/stoic-self-contradictions/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.tranquillity_of_mind",
            "title": "De la tranquillité de l’âme, Plutarque",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/tranquillity-of-mind/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.control_of_anger",
            "title": "De la maîtrise de la colère",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/control-of-anger/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.e_at_delphi",
            "title": "Sur l’E de Delphes",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/e-at-delphi/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.face_in_moon",
            "title": "Sur le visage qui apparaît dans la Lune",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/face-in-moon/"
        },
        {
            "id": "plutarch.table_talk",
            "title": "Propos de table",
            "author": "Plutarque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/plutarch/table-talk/"
        },
        {
            "id": "posidonius.customs_wars",
            "title": "Fragments sur les coutumes et les guerres",
            "author": "Posidonius",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/posidonius/customs-wars/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_beneficiis",
            "title": "Des bienfaits",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-beneficiis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_brevitate_vitae",
            "title": "De la brièveté de la vie",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-brevitate-vitae/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_clementia",
            "title": "De la clémence",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-clementia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_constantia_sapientis",
            "title": "De la constance du sage",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-constantia-sapientis/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_ira",
            "title": "De la colère",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-ira/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_tranquillitate_animi",
            "title": "De la tranquillité de l’âme",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-tranquillitate-animi/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.de_vita_beata",
            "title": "De la vie heureuse",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/de-vita-beata/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.epistulae_morales",
            "title": "Lettres à Lucilius",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/lettres-a-lucilius/"
        },
        {
            "id": "seneca.naturales_quaestiones",
            "title": "Questions naturelles",
            "author": "Sénèque",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/seneque/naturales-quaestiones/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_logicians",
            "title": "Contre les logiciens, livres VII et VIII de Contre les savants",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/sextus-empiricus/against-logicians/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_physicists",
            "title": "Contre les physiciens, livres IX et X de Contre les savants",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/sextus-empiricus/against-physicists/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.against_professors",
            "title": "Contre les professeurs, livres I à VI de Contre les savants",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/sextus-empiricus/against-professors/"
        },
        {
            "id": "sextus_empiricus.outlines",
            "title": "Esquisses pyrrhoniennes",
            "author": "Sextus Empiricus",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/sextus-empiricus/outlines/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.aristophanes_clouds",
            "title": "Socrate dans Les Nuées d’Aristophane",
            "author": "Aristophane",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/aristophane/aristophanes-clouds/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_apology",
            "title": "Socrate dans l’Apologie de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_charmides",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Charmide de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-charmides/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_crito",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Criton de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-crito/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_euthyphro",
            "title": "Socrate dans l’Euthyphron de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-euthyphro/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_gorgias",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Gorgias de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-gorgias/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_laches",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Lachès de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-laches/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_meno",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Ménon de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-meno/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedo",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Phédon de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-phaedo/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_phaedrus",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Phèdre de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-phaedrus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_protagoras",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Protagoras de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-protagoras/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_republic",
            "title": "Socrate dans La République de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-republic/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_symposium",
            "title": "Socrate dans Le Banquet de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.plato_theaetetus",
            "title": "Socrate dans le Théétète de Platon",
            "author": "Platon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/platon/plato-theaetetus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_apology",
            "title": "Socrate dans l’Apologie de Xénophon",
            "author": "Xénophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/xenophon/xenophon-apology/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_memorabilia",
            "title": "Socrate dans les Mémorables de Xénophon",
            "author": "Xénophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/xenophon/xenophon-memorabilia/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_oeconomicus",
            "title": "Socrate dans l’Économique de Xénophon",
            "author": "Xénophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/xenophon/xenophon-oeconomicus/"
        },
        {
            "id": "socrates.xenophon_symposium",
            "title": "Socrate dans Le Banquet de Xénophon",
            "author": "Xénophon",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/xenophon/xenophon-symposium/"
        },
        {
            "id": "spinoza.ethics_fr",
            "title": "Éthique, traduction française d’Émile Saisset",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/spinoza/ethics-fr/"
        },
        {
            "id": "spinoza.emendation_en",
            "title": "Traité de la réforme de l’entendement, manifestation anglaise",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/spinoza/emendation-en/"
        },
        {
            "id": "spinoza.short_treatise_fr",
            "title": "Court Traité de Dieu, de l’homme et de son bien-être, manifestation française",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/spinoza/short-treatise-fr/"
        },
        {
            "id": "spinoza.letters_en",
            "title": "Correspondance de Spinoza: lettres écrites par Spinoza, manifestation anglaise",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/spinoza/letters-en/"
        },
        {
            "id": "spinoza.theologico_political_treatise_en",
            "title": "Traité théologico-politique, manifestation anglaise",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/spinoza/theologico-political-treatise-en/"
        },
        {
            "id": "spinoza.emendation_fr",
            "title": "Traité de la réforme de l’entendement, traduction française d’Émile Saisset",
            "author": "Baruch Spinoza",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/spinoza/emendation-fr/"
        },
        {
            "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_contra_gentiles",
            "title": "Somme contre les Gentils",
            "author": "Thomas d'Aquin",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/thomas-aquinas/summa-contra-gentiles/"
        },
        {
            "id": "thomas_aquinas.summa_theologiae",
            "title": "Somme théologique",
            "author": "Thomas d'Aquin",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/thomas-aquinas/summa-theologiae/"
        },
        {
            "id": "zeno.svf_1",
            "title": "Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta I: Zénon de Kition",
            "author": "Zénon de Kition",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/zeno/svf-1/"
        },
        {
            "id": "zeno.pearson_fragments",
            "title": "The Fragments of Zeno and Cleanthes: section Zénon, édition d’A. C. Pearson",
            "author": "Zénon de Kition",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/zeno/pearson-fragments/"
        },
        {
            "id": "bible.old_testament",
            "title": "La Bible. Ancien Testament",
            "author": "Traditions bibliques",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/traditions-bibliques/la-bible-ancien-testament/"
        },
        {
            "id": "bible.new_testament",
            "title": "La Bible. Nouveau Testament",
            "author": "Traditions bibliques",
            "url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/ouvrages/traditions-bibliques/la-bible-nouveau-testament/"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "40bd4b42e88d9ebd9150631a5ea3a31aea35ab2c4af42f5ac2e13bd96f551d6d"
}