Second Alcibiade, dialogue pseudo-platonicien Passage 142

ΣΩ. ὁρᾷς δὴ καὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων πολιτῶν - ταῦτα γὰρ οὐκ ἄλλων ἀκηκόαμεν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ παρόντες οἴδαμεν - ὅσοι στρατηγίας ἐπιθυμήσαντες ἤδη καὶ τυχόντες αὐτῆς οἱ μὲν ἔτι καὶ νῦν φυγάδες τῆσδε τῆς πόλεώς εἰσιν, οἱ δὲ τὸν βίον ἐτελεύτησαν· οἱ δὲ ἄριστα δοκοῦντες αὐτῶν πράττειν διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες καὶ φόβων οὐ μόνον ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ στρατηγίᾳ, ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν κατῆλθον, ὑπὸ τῶν συκοφαντῶν πολιορκούμενοι πολιορκίαν οὐδὲν ἐλάττω τῆς ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων διετέλεσαν, ὥστε ἐνίους αὐτῶν εὔχεσθαι ἀστρατηγήτους εἶναι μᾶλλον ἢ ἐστρατηγηκέναι. εἰ μὲν οὖν ἦσαν οἱ κίνδυνοί τε καὶ πόνοι φέροντες εἰς ὠφέλειαν, εἶχεν ἄν τινα λόγον· νῦν δὲ καὶ πολὺ τοὐναντίον. εὑρήσεις δὲ καὶ περὶ τέκνων τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον, εὐξαμένους τινὰς ἤδη γενέσθαι καὶ γενομένων εἰς συμφοράς τε καὶ λύπας τὰς μεγίστας καταστάντας. οἱ μὲν γὰρ μοχθηρῶν διὰ τέλους ὄντων τῶν τέκνων ὅλον τὸν βίον λυπούμενοι διήγαγον· τοὺς δὲ χρηστῶν μὲν γενομένων, συμφοραῖς δὲ χρησαμένων ὥστε στερηθῆναι, καὶ τούτους οὐδὲν εἰς ἐλάττονας δυστυχίας καθεστηκότας ἤπερ ἐκείνους καὶ βουλομένους ἂν ἀγένητα μᾶλλον εἶναι ἢ γενέσθαι. ἀλλʼ ὅμως τούτων τε καὶ ἑτέρων πολλῶν ὁμοιοτρόπων τούτοις οὕτω σφόδρα καταδήλων ὄντων, σπάνιον εὑρεῖν ὅστις ἂν ἢ διδομένων ἀπόσχοιτο ἢ μέλλων διʼ εὐχῆς τεύξεσθαι παύσαιτο ἂν εὐχόμενος· οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ οὔτε ἂν τυραννίδος διδομένης ἀπόσχοιντο ἂν οὔτε στρατηγίας οὐδʼ ἑτέρων πολλῶν, ἃ παρόντα βλάπτει μᾶλλον ἢ ὠφελεῖ, ἀλλὰ κἂν εὔξαιντο ἂν γενέσθαι, εἴ τῳ μὴ παρόντα τυγχάνει· ὀλίγον δὲ ἐπισχόντες ἐνίοτε παλινῳδοῦσιν, ἀνευχόμενοι ἅττʼ ἂν τὸ πρῶτον εὔξωνται. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἀπορῶ μὴ ὡς ἀληθῶς μάτην θεοὺς ἄνθρωποι αἰτιῶνται , ἐξ ἐκείνων φάμενοι κακά σφισιν εἶναι· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ σφῇσιν Hom. Od. 1.32 εἴτε ἀτασθαλίαισιν Hom. Od. 1.32 εἴτε ἀφροσύναις χρὴ εἰπεῖν, ὑπὲρ μόρον Hom. Od. 1.32 ἄλγεʼ ἔχουσι . κινδυνεύει γοῦν, ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, φρόνιμός τις εἶναι ἐκεῖνος ὁ ποιητής, ὃς δοκεῖ μοι φίλοις ἀνοήτοις τισὶ χρησάμενος, ὁρῶν αὐτοὺς καὶ πράττοντας καὶ εὐχομένους ἅπερ οὐ βέλτιον ἦν, ἐκείνοις δὲ ἐδόκει, κοινῇ ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων αὐτῶν εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι· λέγει δέ πως ὡδί - Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ, τὰ μὲν ἐσθλά, φησί, καὶ εὐχομένοις καὶ ἀνεύκτοις ἄμμι δίδου, τὰ δὲ δειλὰ καὶ εὐχομένοις ἀπαλέξειν Anth. Pal. 10.108 κελεύει.

Soc. You have only to look at some of our own citizens - and these are examples that we know, not by hearsay, but by personal observation - who in their time have desired to hold military command and have obtained it, and see how some to this very day are exiles from our city, while others have lost their lives. And even those who are deemed to be faring best have not only gone through many dangers and terrors in holding their command, but on returning home have continued to be as sorely besieged by informers as they were by the enemy, so that some of them wished to heaven that they had been anything but commanders rather than have held such appointments. Of course, if these dangers and toils were conducive to our advantage, there would be some reason for them; but the case is quite the contrary. And you will find it is just the same in regard to children: some people have been known to pray that they might have them, and when they have got them have fallen into the greatest disasters and pains. For some have had children that were utterly bad, and have spent their whole lives in repining; while others, though they had good ones, were bereft of them by disasters that overtook them, and thus were cast into as great misfortune as the others, and wished that no children at all had been born to them. But nevertheless, with all this plain evidence, and a great deal more of a similar kind, before men’s eyes, it is rare to find anyone who has either declined what was offered to him or, when he was likely to gain something by prayer, refrained from praying. Most men would not decline the offer of either a monarchy or a generalship or any of the various other things which bring with them harm rather than benefit, but would even pray to be granted them in cases where they were lacking: but after a little while they often change their tune, and retract all their former prayers. I question therefore if men are not really wrong in blaming the gods as the authors of their ills, when they themselves by their own presumption Hom. Od. 1.32 - or unwisdom, shall we say? - have gotten them more than destined sorrows. Hom. Od. 1.32 It would seem, at any rate, Alcibiades, that one old poet had some wisdom; for I conceive it was because he had some foolish friends, whom he saw working and praying for things that were not for their advantage, though supposed to be by them, that he made a common prayer on behalf of them all, in terms something like these: King Zeus, give unto us what is good, whether we pray or pray not; But what is grievous, even if we pray for it, do thou avert. Anth. Pal. 10.108.

[142a] combien y en a-t-il qui, après avoir souhaité avec ardeur d’être généraux d’armée et avoir obtenu ce qu’ils désiraient, errent encore aujourd’hui dans l’exil, ou ont péri ; ou bien, et c’est encore là le sort le plus beau, ont passé leur vie dans des dangers innombrables et des frayeurs continuelles, non-seulement pendant leur généralat, mais encore après leur retour dans leur patrie, où ils ont eu à soutenir contre les délateurs une guerre plus cruelle que toutes les guerres contre l’ennemi ; au point que la plupart ont fini par maudire leur élévation. [142b] Encore si tous ces dangers et toutes ces fatigues conduisaient à quelque chose d’utile, il y aurait quelque raison à s’y exposer ; mais c’est tout le contraire. Ce que je dis des honneurs, je le dis aussi des enfans. Combien avons-nous vu de gens qui, après en avoir demandé aux dieux et en avoir obtenu, se sont attiré par là de grands chagrins ! les uns ont passé toute leur vie dans la douleur et l’amertume, pour en avoir eu de méchans ; et les autres, qui en ont eu de bons, [142c] venant à les perdre, ont été aussi malheureux que les premiers, et auraient beaucoup mieux aimé n’avoir jamais été pères. Néanmoins, malgré l’éclat de ces dures leçons, à peine trouverait-on un homme qui refusât ces faux biens si les dieux les lui envoyaient, ou qui cessât de les demander s’il croyait les obtenir par ses prières. La plupart ne refuseraient ni la tyrannie, ni le commandement des armées, ni tous les autres [142d] biens, qui sont réellement beaucoup plus pernicieux qu’utiles ; et ils les solliciteraient, s’ils ne se présentaient pas d’eux-mêmes. Mais attends un moment, bientôt tu les entendras chanter la palinodie, et faire des vœux tout contraires aux premiers. Pour moi, je crains que ce ne soit véritablement à tort que les hommes se plaignent des dieux, et les accusent d’être la cause de leurs maux ; tandis que ce sont eux-mêmes qui, par leurs vices ou leurs folies, Se rendent misérables [142e] malgré le sort. Et c’est pourquoi, Alcibiade, je trouve bien du sens à ce poète qui, ayant, comme je pense, des amis fort imprudens, et leur voyant faire tous les jours et demander aux dieux des choses qui leur paraissaient bonnes et qui étaient pourtant très mauvaises, composa pour eux tous en commun une prière ; la voici :