De la constance du sage Chapitre 2

Tum ego respondi habere te, quod rei publicae nomine movereris, quam hinc P. Clodius, hinc Vatinius ac pessimus quisque venundabat et caeca cupiditate correpti non intellegebant se dum vendunt et venire. Pro ipso quidem Catone securum te esse iussi; nullam enim sapientem nec iniuriam accipere nec contumeliam posse, Catonem autem certius exemplar sapientis viri nobis deos immortalis dedisse quam Ulixen et Herculem prioribus saeculis. Hos enim Stoici nostri sapientes pronuntiaverunt, invictos laboribus et contemptores voluptatis et victores omnium terrorum. Cato non cum feris manus contulit, quas consectari venatoris agrestisque est, nec monstra igne ac ferro persecutus est nec in ea tempora incidit quibus credi posset caelum umeris unius inniti. Excussa iam antiqua credulitate et saeculo ad summam perducto sollertiam cum ambitu congressus, multiformi malo, et cum potentiae immensa cupiditate, quam totus orbis in tres divisus satiare non poterat, adversus vitia civitatis degenerantis et pessum sua mole sidentis stetit solus et cadentem rem publicam, quantum modo una retrahi manu poterat, tenuit, donec abstractus comitem se diu sustentatae ruinae dedit simulque exstincta sunt quae nefas erat dividi; neque enim Cato post libertatem vixit nec libertas post Catonem. Huic tu putas iniuriam fieri potuisse a populo, quod aut praeturam illi detraxit aut togam ? Quod sacrum illud caput purgamentis oris adspersit ? Tutus est sapiens nec ulla affici aut iniuria aut contumelia potest.

I then answered, that you had good cause to be anxious on behalf of the commonwealth, which Publius Clodius on the one side, Vatinius and all the greatest scoundrels on the other, were putting up for sale, and, carried away by their blind covetousness, did not understand that when they sold it they themselves were sold with it; I bade you have no fears on behalf of Cato himself, because the wise man can neither receive injury nor insult, and it is more certain that the immortal gods have given Cato as a pattern of a wise man to us, than that they gave Ulysses or Hercules to the earlier ages; for these our Stoics have declared were wise men, unconquered by labours, despisers of pleasure, and superior to all terrors. Cato did not slay wild beasts, whose pursuit belongs to huntsmen and countrymen, nor did he exterminate fabulous creatures with fire and sword, or live in times when it was possible to believe that the heavens could be supported on the shoulders of one man. In an age which had thrown off its belief in antiquated superstitions, and had carried material knowledge to its highest point, he had to struggle against that many-headed monster, ambition, against that boundless lust for power which the whole world divided among three men could not satisfy. He alone withstood the vices of a worn-out State, sinking into ruin through its own bulk; he upheld the falling commonwealth as far as it could be upheld by one man’s hand, until at last his support was withdrawn, and he shared the crash which he had so long averted, and perished together with that from which it was impious to separate him - for Cato did not outlive freedom, nor did freedom outlive Cato. Think you that the people could do any wrong to such a man when they tore away his praetorship or his toga? when they bespattered his sacred head with the rinsings of their mouths? The wise man is safe, and no injury or insult can touch him.

Pour ce qui est de Caton, te disais-je, rassure-toi : car jamais le sage ne peut recevoir d’injure ni d’humiliation ; et Caton nous fut donné par les dieux immortels comme un modèle plus infaillible qu’Ulysse ou Hercule, héros des premiers âges, proclamés comme sages par nos stoïciens, comme indomptables aux travaux, contempteurs de la volupté et victorieux de toutes les terreurs. Caton ne lutta point contre des bêtes féroces, exercice digne d’un chasseur et d’un rustre ; il ne poursuivit pas de monstres avec le fer et le feu, et ne vécut pas dans un temps où l’on pût croire qu’un homme portât le ciel sur ses épaules : déjà on avait secoué le joug de l’antique crédulité, et le siècle était parvenu au plus haut degré de lumières. Caton fit la guerre à l’intrigue, ce monstre à mille formes, au désir illimité du pouvoir, que le monde entier partagé entre trois hommes n’avait pu rassasier , aux vices d’une cité dégénérée et s’affaissant sous sa propre masse ; seul resté debout, il retint dans sa chute la république, autant que pouvait le faire le bras d’un mortel, tant qu’enfin entraîné, arraché lui-même, après l’avoir longtemps retardée il voulut partager sa ruine ; alors s’éteignit du même coup ce qui n’eût pas été séparé sans crime : Caton ne survécut point à la liberté, ni la liberté à Caton . Or cet homme, penses-tu que le peuple ait pu lui faire injure en lui arrachant la préture ou la toge, en couvrant d’infâmes crachats sa tête sacrée ? Le sage est à l’abri de tout : ni injures, ni mépris ne sauraient l’atteindre.