{
    "schema": "prokopton42-public-thinker-v1",
    "id": "cicero",
    "canonical_url": "https://prokopton42.com/fr/penseurs/cicero/",
    "language": "fr",
    "title": "Cicéron",
    "editorial_status": "available",
    "summary": "Avocat, homme d’État et écrivain romain, Cicéron a donné une langue latine aux débats de la philosophie grecque.",
    "body": "Cette reconstruction est historiquement bornée à 43 av. J.-C.",
    "lifespan": {
        "display": "106–43 av. J.-C.",
        "era": "Époque hellénistique et romaine",
        "distance": "il y a 2 068 ans",
        "age_at_death": null
    },
    "intellectual_tradition": {
        "id": "greek-schools",
        "name": "Traditions grecques et romaines",
        "detail": "Académicien / philosophie romaine",
        "labels": [
            "Traditions grecques et romaines",
            "Académicien",
            "philosophie romaine"
        ]
    },
    "historical_cutoff": {
        "year": -43,
        "display": "43 av. J.-C.",
        "reason": "Cicero was killed in 43 BCE; the Augustan settlement and every later reception lie outside his default horizon."
    },
    "statistics": {
        "works": 21,
        "passages": 8009,
        "languages": [
            "en",
            "fr",
            "lat"
        ],
        "intellectual_exposures": 2,
        "typed_relationships": 0
    },
    "attested_thinker_encounters": [],
    "places": [
        {
            "name": "Arpinum",
            "period": "106 BCE",
            "description": "Lieu de naissance et ancrage familial durable.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Rome",
            "period": "education-43 BCE",
            "description": "Éducation, droit, politique et éloquence.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Athens",
            "period": "79 BCE",
            "description": "Études philosophiques et rhétoriques.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Rhodes",
            "period": "79-77 BCE",
            "description": "Perfectionnement rhétorique auprès de Molon.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Cilicia / Tarsus",
            "period": "51-50 BCE",
            "description": "Gouvernement provincial.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Tusculum",
            "period": "late Republic",
            "description": "Villa et lieu de composition philosophique majeure.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Formiae",
            "period": "43 BCE",
            "description": "Dernière fuite et assassinat à proximité.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://iep.utm.edu/cicero/"
        },
        {
            "name": "Brundisium",
            "period": "58 and 57 BCE",
            "description": "Port de départ vers l'exil puis de retour en Italie.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Cicero*.html"
        },
        {
            "name": "Thessalonica",
            "period": "58 BCE",
            "description": "Principal refuge pendant les premiers mois de l'exil.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0022%3Ayear%3Dvolume+1+intro"
        },
        {
            "name": "Dyrrachium",
            "period": "58-57 BCE",
            "description": "Base ultérieure pendant l'exil avant son rappel.",
            "confidence": "A",
            "source_url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0022%3Ayear%3Dvolume+1+intro"
        },
        {
            "name": "Vibo Valentia / Hipponium",
            "period": "58 BCE",
            "description": "Étape documentée sur la route de l'exil.",
            "confidence": "B",
            "source_url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Cicero*.html"
        }
    ],
    "content_checksum": "1790bc66bb2bd16acf5be5ad86f5d20416b70635934c8ffac403db96db432284"
}