# Marc Aurèle

- Id: `marcus_aurelius`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/fr/penseurs/marc-aurele/`
- Language: `fr`
- Editorial status: `available`
- Content checksum: `31fb9968d642b95b876635956b60ab56b669fe87907a2088c17e445963b21333`

## Résumé

Empereur romain et praticien stoïcien, Marc Aurèle écrit pour se tenir droit sous le poids du pouvoir.

## Présentation

Cette reconstruction est historiquement bornée à 180 après J.-C.

## Lifespan

```json
{
    "display": "121–180 après J.-C.",
    "era": "Époque hellénistique et romaine",
    "distance": "il y a 1 846–1 905 ans",
    "age_at_death": 59
}
```

## Intellectual tradition

```json
{
    "id": "stoicism",
    "name": "Stoïcisme",
    "detail": "Stoïcisme impérial",
    "labels": [
        "Stoïcisme",
        "Stoïcisme impérial"
    ]
}
```

## Historical cutoff

```json
{
    "year": 180,
    "display": "180 après J.-C.",
    "reason": "Marcus Aurelius died in 180 CE."
}
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 1,
    "passages": 487,
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr",
        "grc"
    ],
    "intellectual_exposures": 2,
    "typed_relationships": 6
}
```

## Attested thinker encounters

```json
[
    {
        "person_id": "fronto",
        "name": "Marcus Cornelius Fronto",
        "relationship_type": "rhetoric_teacher_and_lifelong_friend",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "modern.sep.marcus_aurelius.2017",
            "modern.iep.marcus_aurelius",
            "corpus.marcus_aurelius.meditations",
            "primary.fronto.correspondence"
        ]
    },
    {
        "person_id": "junius_rusticus",
        "name": "Junius Rusticus",
        "relationship_type": "stoic_teacher_and_friend",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "modern.sep.marcus_aurelius.2017",
            "modern.iep.marcus_aurelius",
            "corpus.marcus_aurelius.meditations"
        ]
    },
    {
        "person_id": "apollonius_marcus_teacher",
        "name": "Apollonius (Marcus's teacher)",
        "relationship_type": "philosophical_teacher",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "corpus.marcus_aurelius.meditations",
            "ancient.historia_augusta.marcus.3"
        ]
    },
    {
        "person_id": "sextus_chaeronea",
        "name": "Sextus of Chaeronea",
        "relationship_type": "philosophical_teacher",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_refs": [
            "corpus.marcus_aurelius.meditations",
            "ancient.historia_augusta.marcus.3"
        ]
    }
]
```

## Places

```json
[
    {
        "name": "Rome",
        "period": "121-180 CE",
        "description": "Naissance, éducation et gouvernement impérial.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Carnuntum",
        "period": "c. 170-175 CE",
        "description": "Quartier général des campagnes danubiennes ; le livre II des Pensées nomme le lieu.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Sirmium",
        "period": "c. 170s CE",
        "description": "Base impériale pendant les guerres marcomanes.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Alexandria",
        "period": "176 CE",
        "description": "Étape du voyage impérial en Orient.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Athens",
        "period": "176 CE",
        "description": "Visite au retour et initiation à Éleusis.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Vindobona",
        "period": "180 CE",
        "description": "Lieu traditionnellement associé à sa dernière campagne et à sa mort.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Ephesus",
        "period": "176 CE",
        "description": "Étape du retour oriental attestée par la tradition du voyage impérial.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060689"
    },
    {
        "name": "Smyrna",
        "period": "176 CE",
        "description": "Il entendit Aelius Aristide à Smyrne pendant le voyage oriental.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060689"
    },
    {
        "name": "Eleusis",
        "period": "176 CE",
        "description": "Initiation aux mystères d'Éleusis pendant le voyage de retour.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Marcus_Aurelius/2*.html"
    },
    {
        "name": "Aquileia",
        "period": "168-169 CE",
        "description": "Quartier général impérial pendant la guerre du Nord et la réponse à la peste.",
        "confidence": "B",
        "source_url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marcus-aurelius/"
    }
]
```