# Michel de Montaigne

- Id: `montaigne`
- Canonical url: `https://prokopton42.com/fr/penseurs/montaigne/`
- Language: `fr`
- Editorial status: `available`
- Content checksum: `934295f2c58014bbdc682bd1dc4c163161d9485af9668c7572b207ff0ae41598`

## Résumé

Magistrat, voyageur et essayiste, Montaigne éprouve les règles héritées contre l’expérience du corps, les coutumes étrangères et son propre jugement changeant.

## Présentation

Cette reconstruction est historiquement bornée à 1592 après J.-C.

## Lifespan

```json
{
    "display": "1533–1592",
    "era": "Renaissance",
    "distance": "il y a 434–493 ans",
    "age_at_death": 59
}
```

## Intellectual tradition

```json
{
    "id": "skepticism",
    "name": "Scepticisme",
    "detail": "Scepticisme / éthique de la Renaissance",
    "labels": [
        "Scepticisme",
        "éthique de la Renaissance"
    ]
}
```

## Historical cutoff

```json
{
    "year": 1592,
    "display": "1592 après J.-C.",
    "reason": "Montaigne died on 13 September 1592. The 1595 edition is a posthumous carrier prepared by Marie de Gournay from authorial material."
}
```

## Statistics

```json
{
    "works": 1,
    "passages": 106,
    "languages": [
        "en",
        "fr"
    ],
    "intellectual_exposures": 2,
    "typed_relationships": 2
}
```

## Places

```json
[
    {
        "name": "Château de Montaigne",
        "period": "1533-1592",
        "description": "Naissance, retraite, bibliothèque et mort.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Bordeaux",
        "period": "public career",
        "description": "Magistrature et deux mandats de maire.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Paris",
        "period": "multiple journeys",
        "description": "Cour, publication et voyages politiques.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Baden",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape consignée dans le Journal de voyage.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Basel",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape suisse consignée et visite de milieux savants.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Schaffhausen",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape consignée près des chutes du Rhin.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Constance",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape consignée sur le lac de Constance.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Augsburg",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Voyage allemand consigné et observation précise des coutumes civiques et religieuses.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Munich",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape bavaroise consignée.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Innsbruck",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Passage alpin consigné vers l’Italie.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Verona",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape italienne consignée.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Padua",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Séjour consigné avant le détour par Venise.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Venice",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape du voyage italien consignée.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Ferrara",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape italienne consignée.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Bologna",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape italienne consignée.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Florence",
        "period": "1580-1581",
        "description": "Étape du voyage italien consignée.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Siena",
        "period": "1580",
        "description": "Étape consignée sur la route de Rome.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Rome",
        "period": "1580-1581",
        "description": "Long séjour et citoyenneté romaine.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    },
    {
        "name": "Lucca and Bagni di Lucca",
        "period": "1581",
        "description": "Séjour toscan et cure thermale consignés.",
        "confidence": "A",
        "source_url": "https://montaigne.univ-tours.fr/journal-voyage/"
    }
]
```