Lettres attribuées à Platon Passage 317

τούτων δὴ καὶ σὺ μάρτυς, ὅτι τοῦτο αὐτὸ συντείνων οὐκ ἀνῆκα πώποτε· καὶ μόγις μέν, ὅμως δʼ, ὡμολογήθη νῷν πλεῦσαι μὲν οἴκαδε ἐμέ, ἐπειδὴ πόλεμος ὑμᾶς κατεῖχεν, εἰρήνης δʼ αὖ γενομένης ἐλθεῖν ἐμέ τε καὶ Δίωνα εἰς Συρακούσας, σὲ δὲ καλεῖν ἡμᾶς. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως ἐγένετο τῆς ἐμῆς εἰς Συρακούσας ἀποδημίας πέρι τῆς πρώτης καὶ τῆς πάλιν οἴκαδε σωτηρίας· τὸ δὲ δεύτερον εἰρήνης γενομένης ἐκάλεις με οὐ κατὰ τὰς ὁμολογίας, ἀλλὰ μόνον ἥκειν ἐπέστειλας, Δίωνα δʼ εἰς αὖθις ἔφησθα μεταπέμψεσθαι. διὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἦλθον, ἀλλὰ καὶ Δίωνι τότʼ ἀπηχθόμην· ᾤετο γὰρ εἶναι βέλτιον ἐλθεῖν ἐμὲ καὶ ὑπακοῦσαί σοι. τὸ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ὕστερον ἐνιαυτῷ τριήρης ἀφίκετο καὶ ἐπιστολαὶ παρὰ σοῦ, τῶν δʼ ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς γραμμάτων ἦρχεν ὡς, ἂν ἀφίκωμαι, τὰ Δίωνός μοι γενήσοιτο πράγματα πάντα κατὰ νοῦν τὸν ἐμόν, μὴ ἀφικομένου δέ, τἀναντία. αἰσχύνομαι δὴ λέγειν ὅσαι τότε ἐπιστολαὶ παρὰ σοῦ καὶ παρʼ ἄλλων ἦλθον διὰ σὲ ἐξ Ἰταλίας καὶ Σικελίας, καὶ παρʼ ὅσους τῶν ἐμῶν οἰκείων καὶ τῶν γνωρίμων, καὶ πᾶσαι διακελευόμεναί μοι ἰέναι καὶ δεόμεναι σοὶ πάντως ἐμὲ πείθεσθαι. ἐδόκει δὴ πᾶσιν, ἀρξαμένοις ἀπὸ Δίωνος, δεῖν ἐμὲ πλεῦσαι καὶ μὴ μαλθακίζεσθαι. καίτοι τήν θʼ ἡλικίαν αὐτοῖς προυτεινόμην καὶ περὶ σοῦ διισχυριζόμην ὡς οὐχ οἷός τʼ ἔσοιο ἀνταρκέσαι τοῖς διαβάλλουσιν ἡμᾶς καὶ βουλομένοις εἰς ἔχθραν ἐλθεῖν - ἑώρων γὰρ καὶ τότε καὶ νῦν ὁρῶ τὰς μεγάλας οὐσίας καὶ ὑπερόγκους τῶν τε ἰδιωτῶν καὶ τῶν μονάρχων σχεδόν, ὅσῳπερ ἂν μείζους ὦσιν, τοσούτῳ πλείους καὶ μείζους τοὺς διαβάλλοντας καὶ πρὸς ἡδονὴν μετὰ αἰσχρᾶς βλάβης ὁμιλοῦντας τρεφούσας, οὗ κακὸν οὐδὲν μεῖζον γεννᾷ πλοῦτός τε καὶ ἡ τῆς ἄλλης ἐξουσίας δύναμις - ὅμως δʼ οὖν πάντα ταῦτα χαίρειν ἐάσας ἦλθον, διανοηθεὶς ὡς οὐδένα δεῖ τῶν ἐμῶν φίλων ἐμὲ αἰτιᾶσθαι ὡς διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ῥᾳθυμίαν τὰ σφέτερα πάντα ἐξὸν μὴ ἀπολέσθαι διώλετο· ἐλθὼν δέ - οἶσθα γὰρ δὴ σὺ πάντα τἀντεῦθεν ἤδη γενόμενα - ἐγὼ μὲν ἠξίουν δήπου κατὰ τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῶν ἐπιστολῶν πρῶτον μὲν κατάγειν Δίωνα οἰκειωσάμενον, φράζων τὴν οἰκειότητα, ἣν εἰ ἐμοὶ τότε ἐπείθου, τάχʼ ἂν βέλτιον τῶν νῦν γεγονότων ἔσχεν καὶ σοὶ καὶ Συρακούσαις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις Ἕλλησιν, ὡς ἡ ἐμὴ δόξα μαντεύεται·

Yea, you yourself also are a witness of this, that I have never yet ceased to strive for this very object. And it was agreed between us - although with difficulty - that I should sail home, since you were engaged in war, and that, when peace was restored, Dion and I should go to Syracuse and that you should invite us. And that was how things took place as regards my first sojourn at Syracuse and my safe return home again. But on the second occasion, when peace was restored, you did not keep to our agreement in the invitation you gave me but wrote that I should come alone, and stated that you would send for Dion later on. On this account I did not go; and, moreover, I was vexed also with Dion ; for he was of opinion that it was better for me to go and to yield to your wishes. Subsequently, after a year’s interval, a trireme arrived with letters from you, and the first words written in the letters were to the effect that if I came I should find that Dion ’s affairs would all proceed as I desired, but the opposite if I failed to come. And indeed I am ashamed to say how many letters came at that time from Italy and Sicily from you and from others on your account, or to how many of my friends and acquaintances they were addressed, all enjoining me to go and beseeching me to trust you entirely. It was the firm opinion of everyone, beginning with Dion , that it was my duty to make the voyage and not be faint-hearted. But I always made my age an excuse; and as for you, I kept assuring them that you would not be able to withstand those who slander us and desire that we should quarrel; for I saw then, as I see now, that, as a rule, when great and exorbitant wealth is in the hands either of private citizens or of monarchs, the greater it is, the greater and more numerous are the slanderers it breeds and the hordes of parasites and wastrels - than which there is no greater evil generated by wealth or by the other privileges of power. Notwithstanding, I put aside all these considerations and went, resolving that none of my friends should lay it to my charge that owing to my lack of energy all their fortunes were ruined when they might have been saved from ruin. On my arrival - for you know, to be sure, all that subsequently took place - I, of course, requested, in accordance with the agreement in your letters, that you should, in the first place, recall Dion on terms of friendship - which terms I mentioned; and if you had then yielded to this request, things would probably have turned out better than they have done now both for you and Syracuse and for the rest of Greece - that, at least, is my own intuitive belief.

[317a] dans ma patrie et que j’y resterais jusqu’à la fin de la guerre que tu avais commencée, mais qu’une fois la paix conclue je reviendrais avec Dion à Syracuse, quand tu nous appellerais. Voilà ce qui s’est passé pendant mon premier séjour à Syracuse jusqu’à mon retour en Grèce. Lorsque ensuite la paix fut conclue, tu m’écrivis de revenir, non pas avec Dion, comme nous en étions convenus, mais seul, en me disant que tu l’appellerais plus tard. Cela m’empêcha de venir, et j’encourus le blâme de Dion, qui croyait [317b] plus raisonnable de partir et d’obéir à tes ordres. Un an après tu m’envoyas une galère : elle m’apportait, de ta part, des lettres, dont le principal objet paraissait être de me persuader que si je venais près de toi, les affaires de Dion prendraient la tournure que je désirais, mais que si je refusais plus longtemps, elles étaient perdues sans retour. Je rougis de dire ici combien de lettres arrivèrent [317c] d’Italie et de Sicile, de toi et de tant d’autres en ton nom, adressées à je ne sais combien de mes parents et de mes amis, et toutes me pressant avec instance de céder à tes vœux et de partir. Tous mes amis, et Dion le premier, furent d’avis que je devais m’embarquer sans délai. Je m’excusai sur mon âge, je voulus leur persuader que tu n’aurais pas la force de résister à ceux qui sèmeraient des calomnies contre moi et chercheraient à nous diviser ; car il y a longtemps que j’ai remarqué, et je remarque encore aujourd’hui que les grandes fortunes, soit des monarques soit des simples particuliers, [317d] nourrissent des troupeaux de calomniateurs, de flatteurs, de honteux et dangereux courtisans, d’autant plus nombreux que ces fortunes sont plus grandes, et il n’y a pas de plus redoutable malheur attaché à la richesse et à la puissance. Cependant, fermant les yeux sur toutes ces considérations, je résolus de partir, de peur que quelqu’un de mes amis n’eût à m’adresser le juste reproche d’avoir perdu ses affaires par ma pusillanimité, [317e] quand je pouvais les sauver. Après mon arrivée, tu n’ignores pas tout ce qui s’est passé. D’abord je demandai que, suivant la promesse que tu m’avais souvent renouvelée dans tes lettres, tu rappelasses Dion et tu lui rendisses ton ancienne amitié. Plût à Dieu que tu eusses voulu suivre mes conseils ! car si je ne me laisse point abuser par de faux pressentiments, tu aurais assuré ton bonheur, celui de Syracuse et de toute la Grèce. Je demandai, ensuite que l’administration des biens de Dion fût confiée à ses parents