Le Banquet Passage 199

διὰ ταῦτα δὴ οἶμαι πάντα λόγον κινοῦντες ἀνατίθετε τῷ Ἔρωτι, καί φατε αὐτὸν τοιοῦτόν τε εἶναι καὶ τοσούτων αἴτιον, ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται ὡς κάλλιστος καὶ ἄριστος, δῆλον ὅτι τοῖς μὴ γιγνώσκουσιν - οὐ γὰρ δήπου τοῖς γε εἰδόσιν - καὶ καλῶς γʼ ἔχει καὶ σεμνῶς ὁ ἔπαινος. ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐγὼ οὐκ ᾔδη ἄρα τὸν τρόπον τοῦ ἐπαίνου, οὐ δʼ εἰδὼς ὑμῖν ὡμολόγησα καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ μέρει ἐπαινέσεσθαι. ἡ γλῶσσα Eur. Hippol. 612 οὖν ὑπέσχετο, ἡ δὲ φρὴν οὔ· χαιρέτω δή. οὐ γὰρ ἔτι ἐγκωμιάζω τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον - οὐ γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην - οὐ μέντοι ἀλλὰ τά γε ἀληθῆ, εἰ βούλεσθε, ἐθέλω εἰπεῖν κατʼ ἐμαυτόν, οὐ πρὸς τοὺς ὑμετέρους λόγους, ἵνα μὴ γέλωτα ὄφλω. ὅρα οὖν, ὦ Φαῖδρε, εἴ τι καὶ τοιούτου λόγου δέῃ, περὶ Ἔρωτος τἀληθῆ λεγόμενα ἀκούειν, ὀνομάσει δὲ καὶ θέσει ῥημάτων τοιαύτῃ ὁποία δἄν τις τύχῃ ἐπελθοῦσα. τὸν οὖν Φαῖδρον ἔφη καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους κελεύειν λέγειν, ὅπῃ αὐτὸς οἴοιτο δεῖν εἰπεῖν, ταύτῃ. ἔτι τοίνυν, φάναι, ὦ Φαῖδρε, πάρες μοι Ἀγάθωνα σμίκρʼ ἄττα ἐρέσθαι, ἵνα ἀνομολογησάμενος παρʼ αὐτοῦ οὕτως ἤδη λέγω. ἀλλὰ παρίημι, φάναι τὸν Φαῖδρον, ἀλλʼ ἐρώτα. μετὰ ταῦτα δὴ τὸν Σωκράτη ἔφη ἐνθένδε ποθὲν ἄρξασθαι. καὶ μήν, ὦ φίλε Ἀγάθων, καλῶς μοι ἔδοξας καθηγήσασθαι τοῦ λόγου, λέγων ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν δέοι αὐτὸν ἐπιδεῖξαι ὁποῖός τίς ἐστιν ὁ Ἔρως, ὕστερον δὲ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. ταύτην τὴν ἀρχὴν πάνυ ἄγαμαι. ἴθι οὖν μοι περὶ Ἔρωτος, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τἆλλα καλῶς καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς διῆλθες οἷός ἐστι, καὶ τόδε εἰπέ· πότερόν ἐστι τοιοῦτος οἷος εἶναί τινος ὁ Ἔρως ἔρως, ἢ οὐδενός; ἐρωτῶ δʼ οὐκ εἰ μητρός τινος ἢ πατρός ἐστιν - γελοῖον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐρώτημα εἰ Ἔρως ἐστὶν ἔρως μητρὸς ἢ πατρός - ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος ἢ οὔ; εἶπες ἂν δήπου μοι, εἰ ἐβούλου καλῶς ἀποκρίνασθαι, ὅτι ἔστιν ὑέος γε ἢ θυγατρὸς ὁ πατὴρ πατήρ· ἢ οὔ; πάνυ γε, φάναι τὸν Ἀγάθωνα. οὐκοῦν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ ὡσαύτως; Ὁμολογεῖσθαι καὶ τοῦτο. ἔτι τοίνυν, εἰπεῖν τὸν Σωκράτη, ἀπόκριναι ὀλίγῳ πλείω, ἵνα μᾶλλον καταμάθῃς ὃ βούλομαι. εἰ γὰρ ἐροίμην, τί δέ; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦθʼ ὅπερ ἔστιν, ἔστι τινὸς ἀδελφὸς ἢ οὔ; φάναι εἶναι. οὐκοῦν ἀδελφοῦ ἢ ἀδελφῆς; Ὁμολογεῖν. πειρῶ δή, φάναι, καὶ τὸν ἔρωτα εἰπεῖν. ὁ Ἔρως ἔρως ἐστὶν οὐδενὸς ἢ τινός; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ἔστιν.

Hence it is, sirs, I suppose, that you muster every kind of phrase for your tribute to Love, declaring such and such to be his character and influence, in order to present him in the best and fairest light; successfully, of course, before those who do not know him, though it must be otherwise before those who do; your praise has such a fine impressive air! No, I find I was quite mistaken as to the method required; it was in ignorance that I agreed to take my turn in the round of praising. The tongue, you see, undertook, the mind did not; so good-bye to my bond. I am not to be called upon now as an eulogist in your sense; for such I cannot be. Nevertheless I am ready, if you like, to speak the mere truth in my own way; not to rival your discourses, and so be your laughing-stock. Decide then, Phaedrus, whether you have any need of such a speech besides, and would like to hear the truth told about Love in whatsoever style of terms and phrases may chance to occur by the way. So Phaedrus and the others bade him speak, just in any manner he himself should think fit. Then allow me further, Phaedrus, to put some little questions to Agathon, so as to secure his agreement before I begin my speech. You have my leave, said Phaedrus; so ask him. After that, my friend told me, Socrates started off in this sort of way: I must say, my dear Agathon, you gave your speech an excellent introduction, by stating that your duty was first to display the character of Love, and then to treat of his acts. Those opening words I thoroughly admire. So come now, complete your beautiful and magnificent description of Love, and tell me this: Are we so to view his character as to take Love to be love of some object, or of none? My question is not whether he is love of a mother or a father - how absurd it would be to ask whether Love is love of mother or father - but as though I were asking about our notion of father, whether one’s father is a father of somebody or not. Surely you would say, if you cared to give the proper answer, that the father is father of son or of daughter, would you not? Yes, of course, said Agathon. And you would say the same of the mother? He agreed to this too. Then will you give me just a few more answers, said Socrates, so that you may the better grasp my meaning? Suppose I were to ask you, Well now, a brother, viewed in the abstract, is he brother of somebody or not? He is, said Agathon. That is, of brother or of sister? He agreed. Now try and tell me about Love: is he a love of nothing or of something? Of something, to be sure.

[199a] qu’il paraisse très-beau et très-bon, je veux dire aux ignorants et non certes aux gens éclairés : cette manière de louer est fort belle et fort imposante ; mais elle m’était tout-à-fait inconnue, lorsque je vous ai donné ma parole. C’est donc ma langue et non mon cœur qui a pris cet engagement. Veuillez m’en dispenser ; je ne vous ferai pas encore aujourd’hui un éloge de ce genre, car je ne le pourrais absolument pas. Mais si vous le voulez, je parlerai à ma manière, ne m’attachant qu’à dire des choses vraies, [199b] sans me donner ici le ridicule de prétendre disputer d’éloquence avec vous. Ainsi vois, Phèdre, si tu veux te contenter d’un éloge qui ne passera pas les bornes de la vérité, et dont le style sera tout simple. - Phèdre et l’assemblée répondirent qu’ils approuvaient fort qu’il parlât comme il lui plairait. - Permets-moi donc, Phèdre, reprit Socrate, de faire d’abord quelques questions à Agathon, afin qu’étant d’accord avec lui, je puisse parler avec plus d’assurance. [199c] - Très-volontiers, répondit Phèdre. - Après quoi Socrate commença. « Je trouve, mon cher Agathon, que tu débutes fort bien en disant qu’il faut montrer d’abord quelle est la nature de l’amour, et ensuite quels sont ses effets. J’aime tout-à-fait ce début. Voyons, après tout ce que tu as dit de beau et de magnifique sur la nature de l’amour, dis-moi aussi, [199d] je te prie, s’il est l’amour de quelque chose ou de rien. Et je ne te demande pas s’il est fils d’un père ou d’une mère ; car ce serait une question ridicule. Mais suppose qu’à propos d’un père, je te demande s’il est père de quelqu’un ou non, ta réponse, pour être juste, devrait être, qu’il est père d’un fils ou d’une fille : n’en conviens-tu pas ? - Oui sans doute, dit Agathon. Et il en serait de même d’une mère ? - Agathon en convint encore. [199e] - Souffre donc, ajouta Socrate, que je te fasse encore quelques interrogations, pour te découvrir mieux ma pensée. Un frère est-il frère de quelqu’un ? - Oui. - Et d’un frère ou d’une sœur ? - Sans contredit. - Tâche donc, reprit Socrate, de nous montrer si l’Amour est l’amour de quelque chose ou de rien. - De quelque chose certainement.