Epictetus Volume 2
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page 5
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY
FOUNDED BY JAMBS LOEB, LL.D.
EDITED BY
fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D.
f E.
CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D.
fW. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D.
E. H.
WASHINGTON, M.A., F.B.HIST.SOC.
L. A.
POST, M.A.
EPICTETUS
page 7
EPICTETUS
THE DISCOURSES AS REPORTED
BY ARRIAN, THE MANUAL,
AND FRAGMENTS
WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY
W. A. OLDFATHER
UNIVEESITT OF ILLINOIS
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II
DISCOURSES, BOOKS III AND IV,
THE MANUAL, AND FRAGMENTS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON
WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD
MCMLH
page 12
APPIANOY
TON EniKTHTOY AIATPIBQN
AB f A
F
KEfcAAAIA TOY
of.
'.
F BIBAIOY
Uepl Ka\X(DTnarfj.ov.
TLepl riva aoTceurflat Set T^V vrpoKfyavra Kal
%n rcav KVptfa
TWV ap.eXovfj.ev.
y''.
8'.
7
Tis v\r) rov ayaBov Kal vphs ri p.aXtcrra>
Uphs r})V aK&TjUws ev Qedrpep
e .
Ilpbjr TO us 5iai
$-'.
57ro
vovw aTraAXar
ras (pavracrtas yvp.vacrreov ;
ffiropa. O.VIQVTO. els
iv 5e? ray yocrovs ; 3
rtvd.
T( Ipuj/Jita, Kal iroLOS
1 5 :
vXarroftevovs S,
2 The entire title
supplied from Ch. X. by s,
page 13
ARRIAN'S DISCOURSES
OF EPICTETUS
IN
FOUR BOOKS
BOOK III
Chapters of tJie Third Book
I.
II.
HI.
Of personal adornment.
The fields of study in which the man who expects
to make progress will have to go into training ;
and that we neglect what is most important.
What is the subject-matter with which the good
man has to deal and what should be the chief
object of our training ?
To the man who took sides, in an undignified
manner, while in a theatre.
;
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
To those who leave school because of illness.
Some scattered sayings.
A conversation with the Imperial Bailiff of the
Free Cities, who was an Epicurean.
VHI.
How ought we to exercise ourselves to deal with
IX.
To a certain rhetorician who was going to Rome
X.
How ought we to bear our illnesses 1
the impressions of our senses ?
for a law-suit.
XL Some scattered sayings.
Of training.
XII.
XIII.
The meaning of a forlorn state, and the kind of
XTV.
Some scattered sayings.
person a forlorn man is.
3
page 14
ARRIAN'S DISCOURSES OF EPICTETUS
ze'.
"Or* 5e? irepieffKep-^v^s epxecrflcu
tf
(5-'.
e'/caerra.
<>'
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7
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7
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4
page 15
BOOK III.
i.
1-3
XV.
That we ought to approach each separate thing
XVI.
with circumspection.
That one should enter cautiously into social inter-
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
Of Providence.
That we ought not to allow any news to disturb us.
What is the position of the layman, and what that
XX.
That it is possible to derive advantage from every-
XXI.
To
course.
XXII.
XXIII.
of the philosopher ?
thing external.
those who enter
light-heartedly upon the
profession of lecturing.
On the calling of a Cynic.
To those who read and discuss for the purpose of
display.
XXIV.
That we ought not to yearn for the things which
are not under our control.
XXV.
To those who fail to achieve their purposes*
To those who fear want.
XXVI.
CHAPTER I
Of personal adornment
ONCE, when he was visited by a young student of
whose hair was somewhat too elaborately
dressed, and whose attire in general was highly embellished, Epictetus said Tell me if you do not think
that some dogs are beautiful, and some horses., and so
I do, said the young man.
Is
every other creature.
not the same true also of men., some of them are
handsome, and some ugly? Of course. Do we,
then, on the same grounds, pronounce each of these
creatures in its own kind beautiful, or do we pronounce each beautiful on special grounds? I shall
show you what I mean. Since we see that a dog is
born to do one thing, and a horse another, and, if
you will, a nightingale for something else, in general
rhetoric
:
5
page 16
ARRIAN'S DISCOURSES OF EPICTETUS
a\\o 6" el oi/T&>9 TV)(OI, a-rjSova, icadokov fj,ev ovtc
av Tt
tcoCkov elvai, OTTOTC Kara rrjv avrov (frvaiv fcpaTtcrr
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TTOiel Ka\QV, TOVTO ITTTTOV alo"%p6v,
TOVTO Kvva alcr^pov,
K&\QV,
5
elcrlv
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O7Tp
el <ye
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Kal
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tcvva
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apeTrj fj KVVOS jrapovcra.
y
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LTTTTOV irapovcra.
7
apeTr) rj avOpdyjrov Trapov&a ; /cal <rv ovv el
Ka\b$ elvai, veavicrice, TOVTO eKTrovei> TT)V
Tt9 S' e<TT\v avTtj ;
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raivels,
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^ T0i9
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added by 5.
One who specialized in the pancratium, a combination of
"
boxing, wrestling, and plain
6
701)9
CTft)^pOZ/a9
Toy 9 e^/cpaTel^. QVKOVV
aicpaTels ;
TIVCL TTQl&V
GOAJTOV l<J@l OTt, fCO\,OV
1
1
rj
-'Qpa,
fighting."
page 17
BOOK III.
i.
3-9
it would
not be unreasonable for one to declare that
each of them was beautiful
precisely when it
achieved supreme excellence in terms of its own
nature ; and, since each has a different
each
one of them,
nature,
I
think,
is
beautiful
in a
different
not so ? He agreed, -Does it not
follow, then, that precisely what makes a dog
beautiful,, makes a horse ugly, and precisely what
makes a horse beautiful, makes a dog
ugly, if, that
is, their natures are different?
So it
Yes,
fashion.
Is that
appears.
for, to
my way of thinking, what makes a pancratiast l
beautiful does not make a wrestler
good, and, more
than that, makes a runner quite absurd: and the
same man who is beautiful for the pentathlon 2 is
very ugly for wrestling ?-~That is so, said he. What,
then, makes a man beautiful other than just that
which makes a dog or a horse beautiful in its
kind ? Just that, said he. What is it, then, that
makes a dog beautiful? The presence of a dog's
excellence.
What makes a horse beautiful? The
presence of a horse's excellence. What, then, makes
a man beautiful ? Is it not the
presence of a man's
excellence? Very well, then, young man, do you
too, if you wish to be beautiful, labour to achieve this,
the excellence that characterizes a man. And what
that ?
is
Observe who they are whom you yourself
praise, when you praise people dispassionately ; is it
the just, or the unjust ? The just ; is it the
temperThe temperate ; and is it the
ate, or the dissolute ?
The self-conself-controlled, or the uncontrolled?
trolled.
In making yourself that kind of
person,
therefore, rest assured that you will be making your2
An all-round competition in running, Jumping, wrestling,
and hurling the discus and the javelin.
7
page 18
ARRIAN'S DISCOURSES OF EPICTETUS
'
av rovrcov
elvac dvdjKr], KCLV irdvra /jwj%ava
<>aivecr0ai ere * tcakov.
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9
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vcrrepov
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av
dv7rav6p8a)Tov ;
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12
or
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<f)i\6<TO(pov
11
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ere ica
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1
8
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OVK added by Koraes.
2 s :
epyai 8.
* /ecu
supplied by s,
Once when drunk he burst in upon Xenocrates, but was
converted by him and eventually succeeded him in the head1
8
page 19
BOOK III. 1.9-15
but so long as you neglect all this,
you must needs be ugly, no matter if you employ
self beautiful ;
every artifice to make yourself look beautiful.
Beyond that I know not what more I can say to
you for if I say what I have in mind, I shall hurt
your feelings,, and you will leave, perhaps never to
return ; but if I do not say it, consider the sort of
thing I shall be doing; Here you are coming to me
to get some benefit, and I shall be
bestowing no
benefit at all
and you are coming to me as to a
philosopher, and I shall be saying nothing to you as
a philosopher.
Besides, is it anything but cruel for
me to leave you unreformed ? If some time in the
future you come to your senses, you will have
good
reason to blame me : " What did Epictetus observe
in me," you will say to yourself, "that,
although he
saw me in such a condition and coming to him in so
disgraceful a state, he should let me be so and say
never a word to me ? Did he so completely despair
of me ? Was I not young ? Was I not
ready to listen
to reason ? And how many other
young fellows make
any number of mistakes of the same kind in their
youth? I am told that once there was a certain
Polemo 1 who from being a very dissolute young man
underwent such an astonishing transformation. Well,
suppose he did not think that I should be another
Polemo ; he could at least have set my hair right, he
could have stripped me of my ornaments, he could
have made me stop plucking my hairs ; but although
he saw me looking like what shall I say? he held
his peace/' As for me, I do not
say what it is you look
;
;
See below IV. 11, 30;
ship of the Academy.
Laertius, 4, 16; and Horace, Sat. II. 3, 253^7.
Diogenes
page 20
ARRIAN'S DISCOURSES OF EPICTETUS
epefc r66\ orav ei$ aavrbv e\0y<;, /ecu
olov eari, ical rives avrb emr^evovcri.
TOUTO pot varepov hv 6<y/ca\7J<$, ri If
16
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17
18
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el
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KOI
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19
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1 8ia
supplied
by s.
2 $
; "Kpoorioras or
Tpo<rap(fTas 5.
1
Who warned him not to beget a son, the ill-starred
Oedipus.
10
page 21
BOOK III.
i.
15-20
like, but you will say it, when you come to yourself,
and will realize what it is an'd the kind of people those
are who act this way.
.
If you
bring this charge against me some day,
what shall I be able to say in my own defence?
Yes but suppose I speak and he not obey. And
did Laius obey Apollo? 1 Did he not
go away and
get drunk and say good-bye to the oracle ? What
then ? Did that keep Apollo from telling him the
truth? Whereas I do not know whether
you will
obey me or not. Apollo knew perfectly well that
Laius would not obey, and
yet he spoke. But why
did he speak? And
why is he Apollo? And why
does he give out oracles ? And why has he
placed
himself in this position, 2 to be a
"prophet and a
fountain of truth, and for the inhabitants of the
civilized world to come to him ?
And why are the
words " Know thyself" carved on the front of his
temple, although no one pays attention to them ?
Did Socrates succeed in prevailing upon all his
visitors to keep watch over their own characters?
No, not one in a thousand. Nevertheless, once he
had been assigned this post, as he himself says, by
the ordinance of the Deity,3 he never abandoned it
" If
Nay, what does he say even to his judges ?
you
he
"on
these
acquit me,"
conditions, namely,
says,
that I no longer engage in my
present practices, I
will not accept your offer, neither will I
give up my
practices, but I will go up to young and old, and, in
a word, to everyone that I meet, and put to him the
same question that I put now, and beyond all others
cs
I will
who are
especially interrogate you/* he says,
;
2
8
For the expression compare II. 4, 3 ; IV. 10, 16,
Baaed upon the Apology, 28 E.
II