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Aristo of Chios
Testimonies and Fragments of Aristo of Chios Carrier unit 375
Carrier unit 29 of 55
Canonical reference 375
Ancient Greek
Ἀρίστων δ ’ ὁ Χῖος τῇ μὲν οὐσίᾳ μίαν καὶ αὐτὸς ἀρετὴν ἐποίει καὶ ὑγίειαν ὠνόμαζε· τῷ δὲ πρὸς τί πως διαφόρους καὶ πλείονας, ὡς εἴ τις ἐθέλοι τὴν ὅρασιν ἡμῶν λευκῶν μὲν ἀντιλαμβανομένην λευκοθέαν καλεῖν, μελάνων δὲ μελανθέαν ἤ τι τοιοῦτον ἕτερον. καὶ γὰρ ἡ ἀρετὴ ποιητέα μὲν ἐπισκοποῦσα καὶ μὴ ποιητέα κέκληται φρόνησις, ἐπιθυμίαν δὲ κοσμοῦσα καὶ τὸ μέτριον καὶ τὸ εὔκαιρον ἐν ἡδοναῖς ὁρίζουσα σωφροσύνη, κοινωνήμασι δὲ καὶ συμβολαίοις ὁμιλοῦσα τοῖς πρὸς ἑτέρους δικαιοσύνη· καθάπερ τὸ μαχαίριον ἓν μέν ἐστιν, ἄλλοτε δ’ ἄλλο διαιρεῖ, καὶ τὸ πῦρ ἐνεργεῖ περὶ ὕλας διαφόρους μιᾷ φύσει χρώμενον.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-15
Aristo of Chios likewise made virtue one in substance and called it health, but in its relations he made it somehow diverse and multiple, as if someone wished to call our sight, when it apprehends white things, white-sight, and when it apprehends black things, black-sight, or some other such name. For virtue too, when it considers what is to be done and what is not to be done, is called prudence; when it regulates desire and determines what is moderate and timely in pleasures, temperance; and when it deals with associations and transactions with others, justice. In the same way, a knife is one thing but cuts different things at different times, and fire acts upon different materials while employing a single nature.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-15
Ariston de Chios faisait lui aussi de la vertu une seule chose quant à son essence et l’appelait santé; mais, selon ses différentes relations, il la tenait pour diverse et multiple. Ce serait comme si l’on voulait appeler notre vision «vision-du-blanc» lorsqu’elle perçoit des objets blancs, «vision-du-noir» lorsqu’elle en perçoit de noirs, ou lui donner quelque autre nom de ce genre. En effet, la vertu, lorsqu’elle examine ce qu’il faut faire et ne pas faire, est appelée prudence; lorsqu’elle règle le désir et détermine ce qui est mesuré et opportun dans les plaisirs, tempérance; lorsqu’elle s’occupe des relations sociales et des contrats avec autrui, justice. De même, un couteau est une seule chose, mais découpe tantôt ceci, tantôt cela, et le feu agit sur des matières diverses en employant une seule nature.
Concepts in this passage
Desire
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Doctrine before isolated precept
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Indifferents without natural rank
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Ethics as the sole concern
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Justice
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Pleasure
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Reason
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Actor and role analogy
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Self-command
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Self-governance
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Time
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Virtue
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Virtue as the only good
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